Malaria

Overview malaria (malaria), also known as fighting malaria, Plasmodium falciparum is transmitted by the bite of Anopheles pollution disease. Clinical regularly to the cyclical nature of the attack of shivering, fever, sweating cooling, and the spleen and anemia significantly characteristics. Strain due to parasites, infections, immune status, and body reactions such as differences in the clinical symptoms and seizure laws were mixed. Malaria is a very old disease, far in the year 2000, "Huang Di Nei Jing-Q," that is, "On malaria chapter" and "On the thorn chapter," and so on articles on malaria The etiology, symptoms and treatment, from the attack on the law into "Japanese", "inter-Day" and "for the 3rd." However, it was not until 1880 French Laveran in malaria patients were found to contain malaria; 1897 British Ross found mosquitoes with the spread of malaria, its real causes do so. Malaria widely popular around the world, according to World Health Organization statistics, There are currently 92 countries and regions of high and moderate fashion, the annual incidence rate of 150 million. who died of malaria over 2 million people. My years before liberation malaria epidemic, particularly the south, due to high prevalence and mortality high. After the liberation, the establishment of a national malaria control agencies, launched extensive malaria prevention and research. The incidence of malaria has declined markedly. Gems war history shows that military action against malaria enormous impact, low endemic areas of high malaria troops entered, often happen that a large number of non-combat personnel, army medical personnel to support troops fighting power, improve malaria control in the current study is still important. Parasitic pathogens in the human body four Plasmodium : Plasmodium vivax (P.lasmodium) Plasmodium falciparum (P.falciparum) on the 3rd Plasmodium (P.malarial) and Plasmodium ovale (P.ovale). China's previous two common species, P. ovale malaria only found a few cases. All vertebrate animals (primarily birds, rats and monkeys apes) 100 Plasmodium species, the only primates can be infected with Plasmodium dual people. Figure 4 Plasmodium life cycle of the malaria parasite development process was divided into two stages, namely in the human body for asexual multiplication, Sexual began mosquito proliferation and the proliferation of intimate sexual conduct with the proliferation of spores. Four of the Plasmodium life cycle is basically the same. (1) of Plasmodium in the body's development proliferation Plasmodium development in the human body is divided into two periods proliferation, that is parasitic in the liver cells and red blood cells outside parasitic phase in the RBC RBC period. 1. RBC outside period (exoeryghrocytic stage) When the infected female Anopheles suck human blood when , Plasmodium sporozoite with mosquito saliva into the human blood circulation, about half an hour all invasive liver cells, Spore-speed hairstyle that is, split-proliferation, delayed-entry spores were dormant, Liver cells in the body split proliferation of Plasmodium, 5 ~ 40 days maturity. bursting liver cells to escape thousands of merozoite (meroxoite) entered the blood, Flow into the merozoite part of phagocyte kill some invasive RBC and its development within proliferation, called erythrocyte period. After-delayed dormant spores, in the proliferation of liver cells, the release of merozoites into the blood that cause malaria relapse. No recurrence of malignant malaria, is due to falciparum malaria sporozoite no dormant period. 2. RBC period (eryghrocytic sgage) merozoite invasion RBC, early-like rings, the red nuclear, blue ring the cytoplasm. Ring-called small trophozoites. Development of ring up, irregular cytoplasm can extend the pseudopod to perturbation macrophages hemoglobin, Acanthamoeba trophozoites of this or trophozoites. Not being used in the hemoglobin is decomposed into heme iron particles within Magma's stock was in sepia known as malaria pigment (malarial pigment). Trophozoites continue development of large, nuclear and Magma split, forming schizon (schizont). Different species of protozoa merozoite body merozoite the number not the same, ripe merozoite generally vivx malaria to 12 ~ 24, falciparum malaria for 18 ~ 36, on the 3rd malaria vivax and P. ovale for 6 ~ 12. Mature merozoite broke, and the merozoite escape, then part of the normal erythrocyte invasion, was part of phagocyte. Release of malaria pigment has been swallowed. After three cells ~ 5 times split proliferator, some red blood cells into the merozoite in erythrocyte clones will no longer be split and the gradual development become male or female gametophyte. Gametophyte in the human body can survive two ~ three months, during which if inhaled by the female Anopheles stomach, in sexual conduct mosquito proliferation in vivo. (2) of Plasmodium in the development of mosquito intimate female Anopheles bites malaria patients, male and female gametophyte enter mosquito stomach. Malegametogenesis of nuclear soon split, extending outward from the cytoplasm 4 ~ 8 flagellum-like filaments and touched female gametophyte that is entered, male and female combined round of the zygote (zygote). Zygote will soon be able to wiggle the zygote (pokinete). Through its stomach, the stomach outside elastic fiber membrane capsule under development into the zygote, the thin kernel and cytoplasm for spores proliferation. Mature sporangia, containing thousands of spores son, the capsule rupture sporozoite escape and went into the salivary glands, this question by mosquito bites when the son is with the saliva spores enter the body.