Early detection of liver cancer, two points need attention

With the understanding of their own conditions and attention.
In China, 90% to 95% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma has a history of hepatitis B infection, and there have been many evidence that the hepatitis B virus in liver cells caused the direct cause of cancer. Research shows that more than 35 years old, HBsAg positive chronic hepatitis and liver cancer detection history of the opportunity than the general population 35 times higher. Therefore the above conditions are fulfilled, we should at least annually to the hospital for an examination once. Furthermore, it should be stressed that, regardless of "Daisanyang", "Xiaosanyang" or "two-yang", which belongs to patients with chronic liver disease, liver cancer incidence is not very different opportunities.
China liver cancer patients are geographically concentrated in the emerging trends, that is to say 15,000 liver cancer. The reason for this is the pollution of drinking water and regular consumption of moldy food. Scientific research found a high incidence area of the pond water is the so-called "blue-green algae" biological, in the presence of blue-green algae toxin can cause liver cancer in rodent experiments small; mouldy food often contains large amounts of aflatoxin, It is also a highly carcinogenic agent. If you are living in 15,000 hepatocellular carcinoma (such as Jiangsu Qidong, Guangxi Furui), should also be vigilant, and often to the hospital for an examination. Of course, the most fundamental of taking preventive measures to prevent the consumption of moldy food, or running water, and switch to Shenjingshui.
Clinical often observed with a family history of liver cancer on the case. Like brothers in a few people had been diagnosed liver, or uncle, nephew has been diagnosed liver cancer. There are two reasons, first, liver cancer is through a gene family in the spread of hepatitis is in the family resulted in the spread of liver cancer incidence than other family. She also is not sufficient evidence to accurately distinguish between these two conditions. However, if patients with liver cancer in the family, other members should also pay special attention to check regularly.
Of course, there are other liver cancer risk factors, such as chronic alcoholism, schistosomiasis history of diseases such as hemoglobin, if these factors should also be regular follow-up, and those risk factors that physicians.
HCC should attach importance to the relevant aspects of the screening test.
Referred to here is an important AFP alanine aminotransferase and the dynamic changes and B-ultrasound in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in early position.
AFP clinical findings in patients with a higher differential is the most in need of chronic liver disease and liver cancer. The former tend to have higher ALT, but the latter sometimes caused increased alanine aminotransferase. How to distinguish? To rely on this ALT AFP and the dynamic changes. General SGPT increase 2 to 4 weeks after the start found elevated alpha-fetoprotein. In GPT started to decline after 2 to 4 weeks, AFP also begin to decline. If this occurs, it should be chronic liver disease caused by alpha-fetoprotein activities increased the possibility of more. If ALT lower or normal, AFP has continuously increased, it is necessary to highly suspected liver cancer.
B-diagnosis of liver cancer is an effective method. B-experienced physicians can be found on the liver to one centimeter. Alpha-fetoprotein and B-will be comprehensive analysis of the results, if elevated alpha-fetoprotein, and B-show that the liver tumor, the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma high accuracy to 90 percent.

Cancer patients with tuberculosis easy

The study, cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis may be specific reasons: ① malignant tumor itself can inhibit the patient's immune function: ② tumor cells can produce immunosuppressive factors: ③ surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormone use, such as drug treatment will be further damage to the patient's immune function. According to statistics, in clinical lung cancer with the possibility of tuberculosis than other malignancies, the incidence is about 1 to 2 per cent. Cancer patients with tuberculosis, if the clinical symptoms and results of imaging examination typical, can be found in sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the positive tuberculin test, can easily be diagnosed. Conversely, patients with the disease can easily be misdiagnosed as suffering from lung metastasis and patients with diseases such as lung infection. It is particularly worth mentioning is that when lung cancer patients with tuberculosis, because of these two diseases in patients with symptoms and signs were not specific, and the lung cancer and tuberculosis X-ray findings also quite similar, so these patients can easily be misdiagnosed . In short, if it is active in patients with malignant tumors of cancer or anti-infection treatment, their lungs will be a difficult primary lung cancer and pulmonary metastases interpretation of the imaging examination results, there must be vigilant against the possibility of pulmonary tuberculosis, and TB sputum should do so promptly; and the tuberculin test examination. If two patients with malignant tumors of this inspection were negative but it was highly suspected to be tuberculosis, but also for diagnosis of anti-tuberculosis treatment.

Bacterial pneumonia clinical manifestations

Often Daohan, tiredness or with incentives such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure and other diseases, and one third of patients with upper respiratory tract infection before history. Most onset more urgent. Gram-negative bacilli of pneumonia, the elderly pneumonia, the onset of nosocomial pneumonia in occult. Fever common, and more for sustained high fever, after the heat treatment of antibiotics may typical. Cough, expectoration many early as cough, expectoration has emerged, the number of sputum mixed. Sustained purulent sputum, Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia more typical for the yellow purulent sputum; Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia rust colored sputum; pneumoniae pneumonia-like brick red Nien freeze; Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia was light green; anaerobes infection accompanied the smell. To the development of antibiotic therapy after the performance has been typical sputum rare. Hemoptysis rare. Some of the chest pain, when there was a pleural involvement lancinating pain. Under the stimulation of the phrenic pleural pneumonia, and the pain could be to shoulder or abdominal radiation, the latter often misdiagnosed as acute abdomen. Systemic symptoms are headache, muscle pain, weakness, a small number of nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients can have severe drowsiness, unconsciousness, convulsions, and other neurological symptoms. Patients with acute medical capacity, rapid shallow breathing, some ala Shandong. Often varying degrees of cyanosis and tachycardia. There may be a few shock (blood pressure within 24 hours dropped to below even 10.6/6.7 kPa could not be determined, with irritability, looking pale and limbs Jueling, oliguria, tachycardia and weakened heart sounds, etc.), more common in the elderly. Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia accompanied lips herpes simplex. Early signs can be no abnormal chest found only a small amount of wet or rales. With the development of diseases associated with typical signs. Unilateral pneumonia and respiratory movement have weakened side, Kouzhen sound muddy, breathing sounds and moist rales lower. It is often suggested that the variable signs of bacterial infections. Elderly pneumonia, Gram-negative bacilli pneumonia and chronic bronchitis secondary pneumonia, more than at the same time involving bilateral, check the back of a two lung moist rales. The total number of white blood cell and neutrophil have increased. The frail elderly who may leukocyte count higher, but the percentage of neutrophils is still high. But lung inflammation significantly increased white blood cell count is not often tips serious condition. PaO2 often show decline.

Asymptomatic fatty liver also need treatment

Clinical often see many fatty liver disease who have no obvious clinical symptoms, regular health examinations or treatment for other diseases B ultrasonic examination found. Some people even fatty liver disease to develop steatohepatitis, the early stage of cirrhosis, inconclusive clinical performance. Therefore, fatty liver is not the magnitude of its clinical severity of consistent performance. The other hand, overweight and obesity have found fatty liver usually indicates malignant obesity, the latter with abnormal glucose tolerance. hyperlipidemia and hypertension collectively known as the Quartet death, the merger of these patients vulnerable to fatal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, we should attach great importance to fatty liver, promptly take effective measures to treatment, Fatty liver to stop the progress of coronary heart disease and other diseases. However, the treatment is not always medication and injections to remove the causes adjusted diet, increased physical activity, Sometimes correcting bad habits than drug treatment is more effective and important. So that even asymptomatic fatty liver disease also need to control for diet and physical exercise therapy.

How to treat fatty liver after hepatitis

And for other reasons, like fatty liver, fatty liver hepatitis (hepatitis fatty liver) treatment, including primary disease treatment, diet therapy and drug treatment. 1. The primary disease treatment, aggressive treatment of viral hepatitis. 2. Diet therapy, diet should be high-protein, vitamin-rich, low animal fat, carbohydrate intake should also moderate. Underweight, it is appropriate now to balance calorie diet; Most overweight patients, it should be a negative balance calorie diet, make weight gradually dropped to the standard weight. Weight loss should not excessive speed, about a month to reduce more than 2.5 kg more difficult. Based on hepatitis disease, to encourage patients to the appropriate physical activity, such as walking, riding a bicycle or other forms of physical exercise. Restricted diet and regular physical exercise can decrease body weight, liver fat reduction or elimination. 3. Drug therapy for the prevention of fatty liver play a supporting role, is the main application Hexanicit. silymarin (Yiganling) to lipid lowering drugs to achieve the purpose of lipids, or to be able to contribute to the liver excessive fat removed. As clofibrate ester (clofibrate), elastase, fenofibrate and gemfibrozil (Connaught value), the impact on liver function, or not should be taken cautiously.

Following bacillary dysentery with chronic diseases should barium

(A) Identification of key points of its chronic amoebic dysentery and acute roughly the same period.
(2) non-specific chronic disease ulcerative colitis patients with poor general condition, the symptoms persisting, antibiotic treatment ineffective. There was no fecal bacteria cultured on many occasions. Intestinal Bleeding,contact easy bleeding. The whole digestive tract barium enema or barium thorough inspection, intestinal wrinkles disappear, advanced colon bag disappeared, shorter colon lumen stenosis its characteristics.
(C) secondary to multiple intestinal tuberculosis tuberculosis, sputum acid-fast staining or 24 hour sputum concentration method available see Mycobacterium tuberculosis, intestinal lesions and more in the ileocecal, so right lower quadrant tenderness or palpable mass, barium enema X-ray examination helps diagnosis.
(D) rectal cancer, colon cancer was particularly prevalent in the elderly, with local infection resembles bacillary dysentery, based on anorectal refers to consultation, such as colonoscopy and means intestinal biopsy confirmed.
(5) due to intestinal microflora imbalance anti-drug abuse or the use of broad-spectrum anti-drug longer easily aroused dysbacteriosis. Major intestinal bacilli to reduce or disappear, replaced by the grape, fungi (mainly Candida albicans) and some Gram-negative bacteria or anaerobic infection, inflammation performance diarrhea, fecal pathogens different traits can vary, to milk a child, the elderly infirm are common.

The incidence of gastric cancer and what factors

1) environmental factors in different countries and regions of significant difference in the incidence of notes and related environmental factors, the most important factor is diet.
Salt may be induced by exogenous factors of gastric cancer one of the residents intake of salt and more countries have high incidence of gastric cancer. Nitrosamines compounds have successfully induced gastric cancer in animals. The smoked fish contain more 3,4 - benzopyrene (benzopyrene); Mold food containing more fungal toxins; Rice is processed outside review talc, their chemical nature and structure with asbestos fibers similar to the above substances are considered carcinogenic effect.
(2) genetic factors in some families a higher incidence of gastric cancer. Some information indicates that gastric cancer in the A blood type O blood group than those who were more.
(C) immune factors immunocompromised persons higher incidence of gastric cancer, immune dysfunction may be on the supervisory role of cancer immune decline in the occurrence of gastric cancer in a certain sense.
(D) pre-cancerous changes in the so-called pre-cancerous change is that some of the strong tendency of malignant lesions, lesions that if not dealt with, it is possible for the development of gastric cancer. Pre-cancerous changes include pre-cancerous condition (precancerous conditions) and pre-cancerous lesions (precancerous lesions).
1. The pre-cancerous stomach condition
(1) chronic atrophic gastritis: chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer incidence was significantly positive correlation.
(2) pernicious anemia: pernicious anemia in 10% in patients with gastric cancer, the incidence of gastric cancer normal crowd for the 5 to 10 times.
(3) gastric polyps: type or villous adenoma polyp type of gastric polyps although the proportion is not high, the cancer rate is 15% to 40%. Diameter greater than 2 cm higher cancer rate. Hyperplastic polyps common, and carcinogenesis rate of just 1%.
(4) residual stomach: benign gastric lesions occurred after surgery for gastric carcinoid tumor residual residual said gastric cancer. After surgery especially in the stomach after 10, the rate increased significantly.
(5) benign gastric ulcer: gastric ulcer itself is not a pre-cancerous condition. While the verge of mucosal ulceration is prone to intestinal metaplasia and malignant transformation.
(6) huge gastric folds disease (Menetrier's disease): Serum Protein gastric mucosal folds by the tremendous loss, a clinical hypoproteinemia and edema, about 10% could be cancerous.
2. Gastric pre-cancerous lesions
(1) proliferation and change as Profiled: The former, also known as atypical hyperplasia is caused by chronic inflammation of irreversible pathological cell proliferation, a few cases of the cancer. Gastric change (anaplasia) are cancerous opportunities.
(2) intestinal metaplasia: a type of small intestine and colon of two, intestinal type (complete) with the characteristics of the small intestinal mucosa, differentiation better. Colorectal type (not complete) with large intestinal similar, can be divided into two subtypes: a type II, non-sulfuric acid secretion can of mucin; B-II can sulfate of mucin secretion, this type of close relationship with gastric cancer.

A summary of neonatal pneumonia

More aspiration pneumonia after inhaling meconium and amniotic fluid caused, but also because of swallowing reflex immature, swallowing uncoordinated movements, reflux or milk cleft palate, and other factors arising from inhalation or secretions. Infections such as pneumonia infection before birth, and most mothers are infected through placental blood pathogen spread to fetus. Amnion morning break, sheep water, fetal amniotic fluid or inhalation of contaminated baby is delivered in the birth canal when inhaled contaminated secretions can also be infected. If the infection after birth, and most children with respiratory tract infections contacts with omphalitis, sepsis, and other blood disseminated, or iatrogenic infection. Pathogens to hemolytic group B streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and cytomegalovirus, respiratory syncytial virus. Iatrogenic infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, anaerobes and some of the low pathogenic bacteria. Neonatal pneumonia treatment of infants with pneumonia broadly similar combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine should be used and comprehensive measures, starting from the overall strengthening care, maintenance airway, warm, oxygen supply to ensure that nutrition and fluid, active infection control, prevention and treatment with in a timely manner to calm, cough asthma, cardio-correcting water and electrolyte disorders such as symptomatic treatment. Chinese medicine: Clinical neonatal pneumonia to cough, asthma as the main indication, or only see the spirit wilt weak, and rejected, such as milk performance. Chinese medicine is a "milk cough," "100 E, and quality", and so on. "Ying Tong asked 100": "100 E, cough, cough milk this name, it is difficult Treating, also of dioxin, when the trial strength and Yi Yi, who is a casual, to fill the imaginary." Chinese medicine believes that the disease has occurred because of Exogenous cold, or the result of fresh milk choking. Visceral delicate children, not gas-filling. Wei, feature is not solid, and the Nursing ill, easy Waiya catch. The impact of Qi Xuan Su, and the drop, resulting imbalance gas landing and take-off. North Korea and the main pulmonary gas Lotus corniculatus, Qi occlusion, impeded blood flow, and see the heart blood. Of the disease in the lung disease, and often involved in mind. Xuanfei cough treatment to the principle of attention Nursing Qilin, were balanced.

Special performance of neonatal pneumonia

Neonatal pneumonia, often suffering from a cold and is due to the adult or child contact infection. As newborns weak resistance, bacterial or viral respiratory down easily spread from pneumonia. Pneumonia and neonatal infants with pneumonia symptoms very different onset pneumonia in infants often have fever, and cough, dyspnea are serious, I Zhou cyanosis, lethargy, a one nose, poor feeding, such as performance. And neonatal pneumonia often fever, and sometimes the whole body instead of the cool temperature does not rise, not even cough. When parents see the newborn Koutu bubble to eat, when to Fuku attention. If that baby poor response, looking green or grey hair, as an adult groaning and dyspnea, small nose kept Shandong, small head with short breath and respiratory increased 1.1 points at the same time (that nod respiratory medicine), sternum, ribs in the soft tissue between the inspiratory the place, then have a very serious illness, and we should Jisong hospital, may not have the slightest delay.

Cirrhosis of the liver disease is advanced?

The answer to that question is no. Cirrhosis is a common disease, it pm decompensated liver function and liver function decompensated stage two. Clinical observation, in decompensated liver cirrhosis patients can maintain long-term health condition, with a normal production, labor, work and learning. This is because the liver of a powerful reasons compensatory function. Some patients until death due to other diseases, when a postmortem examination found cirrhosis. Some comrades live to the nineties, there has not been suffered from liver disease, due to the sudden illness of gastric or duodenal ulcer perforation or obstruction and underwent surgery only found the existence of cirrhosis. Why? This is because the decompensated liver function were sufficient to maintain a normal working and living. What can be maintained much longer, there are no precise statistics, but some people suffering from liver will change in 40, 50 years, is still alive. Therefore, cirrhosis of the liver function decompensated liver disease is not advanced, The key lies in how long patients stay in the decompensated stage disease, not to decompensated. To the liver function decompensated patients suffering from weight loss, weakness, lack of appetite, and other systemic symptoms, portal hypertension, Liver failure may lead to serious consequences. To maximize maintain good decompensated liver function, it should strengthen the protection of the liver : 1. Avoid exertion. 2. High-calorie diet, high-protein, vitamin-rich fruits and vegetables fresh and easy to digest food more difficult. 3. Reduce or avoid the use of harmful drugs. 4. Smoking and alcohol. 5. With appropriate drug therapy and moderate physical exercises and activities to facilitate the recovery of disease. 6. To establish and chronic struggle for the determination and confidence, keep the spirit of optimism, to fight disease, prolonging life.

A hepatitis liver cirrhosis one of the three is how relation

Hepatitis about l0% develop chronic active hepatitis, and chronic active hepatitis with 50% can develop into cirrhosis. Mainly with hepatitis B, followed by hepatitis C, hepatitis A because of quick recovery, the prognosis is good, not into cirrhosis. In recent years, with particular emphasis on the information, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on the importance of the liver, At least 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Have information to prove that chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen with hepatocellular carcinoma of the danger of negative population 40 times. According to China's previous high incidence of liver cancer survey data confirmed : liver cancer, hepatitis occasion, cirrhosis abound. Jiangsu Qidong County as liver resection specimens of the patients showed hepatitis, Cirrhosis of the proportion is as high as 77.9 (53/68); varying degrees of hepatitis can be as high as 94.1% (64/68). County natural population of hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive rate of 24.87%, while the field crowd positive rate of only 10%. Juice of the liver, hepatitis and cirrhosis were 367 cases a follow-up investigation and forward-looking research, HCC Group found that liver disease mortality .10/10 573 million, the control group only RR 10000, and the natural population accounted for only 76 .65/10 10,000. Another group reported 114 cases of surgical resection with cirrhosis of the liver as high as 86.8%. In recent years, China's primary liver cancer incidence and mortality rates are rising trend. For example, Shanghai and Qidong County, the incidence rate increased two-fold, After pathology and special inspection found 80% of liver tissue with hepatitis B virus antigen performance of its existence. This shows that : hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer among the three closely related. No wonder some have called hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer is the "Trilogy of liver disease." But this is not absolute, clinical our common in patients with cirrhosis of the illness has some 30 -40 years. life has not even appeared carcinogenesis.

Chronic hepatitis B patients how the right remedy

Chronic hepatitis B in the pathogenesis of very complicated, has many characteristics; Therefore, physicians must be careful, a comprehensive understanding of the condition of the patient, and the analysis of its main characteristics; possible under the condition of patients with different stages and personality characteristics, drug prescriptions. HBV replication clearly marked positive patients (HBeAg positive, DNAP (DNA polymerase) positive and HBV DNA positive), while transaminase abnormalities, antiviral drugs should be selected; right to immune function disorder patients should use the regulation of the immune function of drugs; microcirculation are mainly of patients Huoxue Huayu the parallel active microcirculation; Serious damage to the liver cells of the patients should be used to protect the liver cells and regeneration of treatment; Although not targeted particularly strong, the role of reliable, and certainly the special effects magic drug, many drugs are only in research and clinical trial. However, as long as doctors can really frequently in patients with chronic hepatitis disease, seizing the main characteristics of patients with medication, the use of Chinese medicine can dialectical therapy, which can also be done with Western drugs, as a reasonable prescriptions of the drug. Since the hepatitis drug development is also a lack of series, practical, new and old drugs still fail to meet the clinical demand, Speaking of the right remedy easy, but it is difficult, clinical practice, the good doctor has to study the main characteristics of the patients, can achieve a key to open a lock-the right remedy.

Hepatitis A can develop fulminant hepatitis?

In general, the development of hepatitis A few severe hepatitis. Reported heavy pop clinical cases of hepatitis A in about 0.1% ~ 1%. The author collected 550 cases of hepatitis A clinical information, a case of severe hepatitis, Prothrombin time and activity were normal. But Bell in 1980 reported 131 reversing severe hepatitis, which accounted for 69% of hepatitis A. Matheson and other 1987 group reported a severe hepatitis, hepatitis A or about 13%. Multi-Carlton, in 1989, and other reports two cases of acute fulminant hepatitis A, with one death. 1996 Shanghai Zhou Xia Qiu reported 166 cases of clinical hepatitis heavy, The simple hepatitis A virus were accounted for 4.82% (8 / 166), by the hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus occurred with severe hepatitis, accounted for 1.81% (3 / 166), A, Hepatitis C virus hepatitis heavy overlap occurred in 1% of cases with CCR, A, Mixed into the liver virus caused severe hepatitis infection also accounted for 0.6% (1 / 166). Domestic and international data show the hepatitis A virus infection in severe hepatitis occupy a certain percentage, Clinical other with the same type of severe hepatitis treatment.

Diabetes risk factors which

Chinese medicine that the main causes of diabetes are : 1 eating Festival; 2, emotional disorders; 3. Doctors kidney yin deficiency causes doctrine diverse, yet no conclusion, which may be several factors have type 1 diabetes are : a genetic susceptibility; 2, autoimmune; 3, infection type II diabetes a major cause of) genetic factors : Diabetic patients whose parents diabetes prevalence rate of 85% for three generations have immediate family history of diabetes were 46% Hidden diabetic children as much as 53%. 2) obesity factors : the incidence of diabetes and obesity proportional According to the statistics, obesity in diabetes prevalence rate of 28.2%, non-obese only 2.6%. 3) infection factors : type II diabetes, so that any infection can increase insulin requirements. so hidden outside in a diabetic, chemical diabetes into clinical diabetes, make the original symptoms increase, the condition worsened. Therefore, infection-induced factors can play, and increased the role of diabetes. 4) Stress Response : If a variety of infections, myocardial infarction, trauma and other circumstances can make IGT, hyperglycemia, even ketoacidosis. 5) Pregnancy factors : number of women of childbearing age can sometimes after pregnancy-induced diabetes, In particular, many middle-aged and older women to eat after pregnancy, less activity, obesity, diabetes more easily evoked.

Misunderstandings diabetes diagnosis

In clinical work and found that the vast majority of diabetic patients with the disease years or decades, only done fasting glucose, glucose checks, it has been confirmed that the diabetes began taking sugar-lowering drugs, this is actually wrong. Modern medicine, diabetes is a metabolic and endocrine disorders. Due to the relative or absolute insulin caused by the shortage of sugar, fat and protein metabolism spinning disorders. Glucose, glucose only increased the standard diabetes, and the fundamental "islet dysfunction." Therefore, the diagnosis of diabetes is the objective indicators of insulin release test, C-peptide stimulation test, conditional can also check the rate of insulin receptor binding. Through the above, the test can confirm or type 1 diabetes type 2, the stability condition, the condition is mild, moderate or severe. for the treatment and prognosis play an important role as a guide. Needs to be noted is this : glucose tolerance test and insulin release test, C-peptide stimulation test must act simultaneously. This ease of diagnosis controlled study, the exact understanding of his illness to avoid misdiagnosed. In addition, the amount of glucose sugar renal threshold control, pathological situations urine sugar and blood glucose often not in proportion. Some patients according to the inspection glucose "+" to use as a basis for adjusting the number of hypoglycemic agents and insulin dose on the basis of very dangerous.

Children how to diagnose diabetes?

Diabetic children often have obvious symptoms, blood glucose and glucose were significantly higher, Anytime glucose "11.1mmol / L, and was often the IP group. Most of the children of diabetic blood sugar can be measured through timely diagnosis and begin treatment immediately. Unnecessary or would be inappropriate at this time to do glucose tolerance test. Minority children no obvious symptoms of diabetes, the need for the glucose tolerance test for diagnosis. Oral glucose tolerance of 1.75 g / kg, the total does not exceed 75 g. Diagnostic criteria and adult diabetes slightly different. Asymptomatic, shall meet the following two before the diagnosis of diabetes. (1) fasting plasma glucose "7.8mmol / L. (2) serving sugar 2 hours after glucose "11.1mmol / L, and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 hours at least one blood glucose "11.1mmol / L.

How diabetes with hypertension medication

Because diabetes and hypertension patients more easily occur cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (such as stroke), it Patients with diabetes should develop blood pressure checks every week a two-time habit of hypertension actively monitoring and treatment. Patients with relatively simple hypertension, diabetes patients should pay more attention to non-drug therapy, such as weight loss, restricting sodium intake, alcohol habit. appropriate exercise, reducing mental pressure. Antihypertensive treatment should be initiated as early as possible to control blood pressure compared to the level of non-diabetic patients with more stringent. "I have high blood sugar, but has high blood pressure, I was hypoglycemic? First, Or blood pressure? "hypoglycemic and hypotensive not contradictory, can be carried out concurrently. Some patients also ideal glycemic control, blood pressure in 160 regular / 100mmHg above, or at the same time, discovered the kidneys, heart problems, lower blood pressure appeared to be more on some urgency. "People with diabetes need special antihypertensive drugs?" Diabetics use of antihypertensive drugs and other patients basically the same person. Some drugs on blood glucose minor effects, such as propranolol, diabetic after taking cover hypoglycemia in the early symptoms, If no hunger, palpitation, sweating, and so on. Diuretic drugs hydrochlorothiazide with Cypriot patients can lipids and glucose. However, careful application to avoid these problems. "With so many antihypertensive drugs, I choose one?" Diabetes with hypertension antihypertensive drug choice In the first layer height, and doctors choose a drug, the results are not satisfactory, on the second level, that is, with a second drug. Some patients need two three-drug treatment. Commonly used to lower blood pressure drugs can be divided into the following categories. ACE inhibitors (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) : angiotensin hypertension is the material. ACEI antihypertensive drugs such material reduction in the same time protect the cardiovascular and treatment of cardiac failure, diabetic nephropathy patients reduce urinary protein. ACE inhibitors, including captopril, which according to Lin, Monogaga other. That according to Lin MoNopril and require only a very convenient and disadvantages, will lead to a cough. Renal artery stenosis, renal dysfunction, patients on anti hyperkalemia. Calcium antagonists : these drugs inhibit calcium into the blood vessel wall, vascular dilation, lower blood pressure, while the treatment of coronary heart disease. More commonly used drugs are nifedipine. Some patients after taking blood pressure dropped rapidly, quickly bounced back. In order to overcome the side effects of drug, a long-acting formulations of production-Nifedipine Sustained Release Tablets, GITS - Norvasc. There are also heart of nitrendipine. They remember the names are certain amlodipine. Beta receptor antagonist : They have a common name is so-and-so atenolol. If metoprolol, such as atenolol. Apply to the 106 patients with diabetes mellitus. Europium receptor antagonist : apply to diabetes morning blood pressure were increased. If terazosin, such as phenoxybenzamine. Drug drawback is easily lead to orthostatic hypotension. Diuretics : commonly used drug is indapamide (TING than Hill), furosemide. Drug drawback is a large number of applications easily lead to hypokalemia, arrhythmogenic. Drug suitable for diabetic nephropathy, heart disease patients. "My blood pressure smooth little attention to the needs of what?" Diabetic patients choice of antihypertensive drugs is the best long-acting drugs objects. Joint drug can increase blood pressure and avoid drug side effects, such as ACEI and diuretics, calcium antagonists and diuretics. ACEI and calcium antagonists joint applications. For some special patients, such as supine hypertension, standing hypotension, antihypertensive treatment more difficult. These patients require antihypertensive treatment doctors more guidance, they can be non-drug therapy, such as wear elastic stockings, proper diet increased sodium content, from lying to standing position change should be slow movements. If necessary, additional temporary leader before serving antihypertensive drug. Finally, we would like to once again remind everyone to regularly monitor blood pressure and blood pressure as normal as possible. Statistics tell us that a considerable number of patients despite the use of antihypertensive drug, but not controlled hypertension. Diabetic patients with hypertension should keep in mind that the importance of controlling blood pressure no less than that of blood glucose control, already have diabetic nephropathy patients, blood pressure control is the key to the protection of the kidney, blood pressure control to prevent diabetic eye disease is increasing means.

He diabetes and coronary heart disease relationship

Diabetes is a systemic metabolic disorders, which easily gives rise to the fact that coronary heart disease has been recognized by scholars at home and abroad. Analysis of the capital hospital in 1958 ~ 1977 20 1,000 cases of diabetes patients of which 380 cases with coronary heart disease, accounting for 38%, much of our natural population census of the high incidence; Framingham at the age of 36 ~ 62 years of 5,209 people for as long as 20 years studying and observing, The results showed that in diabetic patients, both men and women, different age groups, cardiovascular disease incidence rates are higher than the non-diabetic group diabetic group. After adjusting for age, blood pressure control, smoking, cholesterol and other coronary heart disease risk factors, coronary heart disease, thrombosis-infarction, total cardiovascular disease mortality showed that both male diabetic patients twice in the control group, while women are three times in the control group. Diabetes as a risk factor in coronary heart disease, gender, men with a strong risk of morbidity, However, age-adjusted and control other risk factors for coronary heart disease, Women suffering from diabetes on the risk of coronary heart disease than men, and some even reported that Diabetes is the independent women with coronary heart disease risk factors. Diabetic patients with coronary heart disease because of the increased rate is not very clear. But diabetes easily lead to atherosclerosis has been recognized. Most scholars believe, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia lipoprotein, high blood glucose, Hyperfibrinogenemia (insulin resistance syndrome), these elements are inseparable. Obesity enable the biological role of insulin in some crowd has been weakened, these people have the body to insulin resistance. To ensure normal blood glucose levels, insulin secreting beta cells must be several times higher than normal, or even several tens of insulin, Formation hyperinsulinemia, but ultimately leads to increased blood sugar, elevated blood triglyceride levels, lower HDL  C, increased plasma fibrinogen, which are all atherosclerosis risk factors. Meanwhile, insulin itself also promote atherosclerosis role, therefore, Sulfosalicylic urine oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin injections, and so on through different channels so that blood insulin levels, This makes it possible to further increase the vascular sclerosis lesions. In addition, diabetes patients with coronary heart disease, coronary artery disease in certain clinical symptoms of exposure or later, more clinicians should pay attention. Because of diabetic neuropathy can affect the nervous system of any part of, in particular nerve endings, When a patient's damaged nerve endings, the pain threshold increased, even if there was a serious myocardial ischemia, pain is not a typical minor. not even the symptoms of angina, painless myocardial infarction incidence, but shock, heart failure, Sudden death is also more complications, the more serious the prognosis. Therefore, diabetes patients, the doctors should, under the guidance of science to control blood sugar, and regularly to the hospital to check the heart, be reasonable diet and physical activity to reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease, improve the quality of life of patients.

Awareness of diabetes with blood stasis

Diabetes develops to a certain extent, particularly with chronic vascular and nerve lesions or long-term use of insulin injection therapy, often accompanied by blood stasis disease. Chinese medicine believes that the blood stasis diabetes disease mainly by Qi and Yin induced. Yin two injured, BSP stranded and run through disease always. "Shuai gas as blood, blood gas for home," Qi promote weakness, blood circulation, slow jam stagnation, from bleeding, and is the so-called "Qi muddy stay." Yin Huo and airing fluids, the fluid loss-less, impeded blood viscosity, the formation of bleeding, and the so-called "Yin blood stagnation." Human qi and blood relationship, both blood gas firms, mutual - qi and blood. Clinical found blood stasis caused by deficiency syndrome can block qi, fluids lost to distribution, add to the condition of diabetes complications arise. Venae Stagnation (large and small blood vessels and nerve disease), diabetes is a major disease late machine, If Stagnation in the chest to chest pain can be; Stagnation in Naoluo it is a stroke hemiplegia; Stagnation in the end limbs were numb irritation, even Tuoju; Stagnation in the head up, to be faint ghosts of vision, have gone so far as to lose Blind; Stagnation in the kidney by edema urine were closed, and so on. Diabetes blood stasis with the equivalent of modern medicine, diabetic thrombosis, or blood rheology abnormal blood viscosity increased, RBC and platelet aggregation increased, resulting in thrombosis. Slow blood flow, blood stasis and microcirculation, illustrates disease of diabetes patients is the basis of pathophysiology. Diabetes thrombosis has been considered one of the characteristics of diabetes. Diabetes patients with the treatment of the principle of "blood" and "Huoxue Huayu" is the certification of treatment Dafa. Of course Huoxue Huayu must dialectical, related to the body, can not be separated. QDBS is Yiqihuoxue; 230 Huoxue carrying gas; Yin is nourishing blood stasis Huoxue, with the permit modifications will take effect with satisfaction. In short, in the treatment of diabetes and blood stasis, it should Yiqiyangyin treat this; Chinese medicine, the Health Effects of the new treat the symptoms. The two are mutually complementary, were taken into account, to explore different treatment of complications of a series of norms prescription to improve the results.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical treatment

1. General treatment : rest, joint braking (acute phase), joint exercises (recovery), physical therapy. 2. Drug treatment : (a) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs : a selection of species, not using two species. (2) slow-acting antirheumatic drugs : such as methotrexate, sulfasalazine, Auranofin, chloroquine, penicillamine, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, cyclosporine A, Tripterygium Wilfordii, to be chosen as a condition even more than the two joint application Individual stressed. (3) adrenal cortex hormones : an abuse, only adapt to the outside section or arthritis symptoms obviously not a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to control or slow-acting drug not effective starting with the persons. 3. Experimental therapy : some preliminary biological agents for the clinical anti-IL - I, anti-tumor necrosis factor, antithrombin CD, Monoclonal antibody and anti-IL - I and anti-tumor necrosis factor receptor antibodies or cytokines in these inhibitors, Upsilon-interferon. 4. The disease should now adhere to Western medicine therapy and, if necessary, the appropriate use of herbal dialectical treatment, adjuvant therapy. 5. Other treatment : Application of discretion Fushekangshuanmei, plasmapheresis, the whole body lymph node irradiation, the local joint administration. 6. Surgical treatment : apply to patients with advanced joint deformities, rigidity, loss of function or aseptic bone necrosis, Drug fails to reverse or improvement. 7. Special complications of treatment : (a) rheumatoid vasculitis : hormones, penicillamine, Poison Control cells and plasma exchange treatment, In recent years, application of intravenous cyclophosphamide and methylprednisolone pulse therapy. (2) Felty syndrome : splenectomy for repeated attacks on the serious infection, thrombocytopenia, anemia, painful splenomegaly, esophageal varices or serious chronic leg ulcers. Drug treatment available Auranofin, methotrexate and cyclosporin A. [Efficacy and discharge standards -- standards for clinical remission following six, at least five of at least two of : 1. Morning stiffness ≤ 15 minutes; 2. No weak; 3. No joint pain; 4. No joint tenderness, pain or activities; 5. Soft tissue swelling and no tendon sheath; 6. ESR male "20 hours and women" 30mm / 1 hour. This standard does not apply to patients with rheumatoid arthritis, acute vasculitis, pericarditis, pleurisy, fever. Achieved clinical remission or improvement in conditions of relative stability will be discharged.

Rheumatoid arthritis can be radical?

Rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis and mechanism have not yet been fully explained. Generally speaking, and hypertension, diabetes, the genetic basis of susceptibility, stimulation of the external factors like a disease, is no radical approach. The so-called radical, the removal of causes, cure diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and the cause is not yet clear, except to mention. Current research that rheumatoid arthritis and genetic factors, in addition, rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune diseases. The incidence of abnormal antigen-antibody reaction related to immunosuppressive agents only inhibit antigen-antibody reaction, so that they remain at a low level and not removed. Some patients see some advanced rheumatoid arthritis patients, joint deformities, ankylosis, unable to take care of themselves, they worry very heavy. This is unnecessary. As long as the patient between active support, so early diagnosis and treatment, and perseverance, the general control of the disease can progress to be normal work and life. Part of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis have certain effects, such as Tripterygium control arthritis, pain relief, but it does not stop the progress of joint disease, some for fear of antirheumatic drugs side effects, only take Chinese medicine treatment. ultimately joint destruction, deformity are a case in point. Therefore, the rheumatoid arthritis can be used combination of Chinese and western medicine treatment. not to serve the suspension and efficacy of Chinese medicine has been positive antirheumatic drugs and avoid hoc, in order to avoid delay treatment, lost time of their treatment.

Renal insufficiency how Baoshen?

Uremia is terrible. Renal insufficiency how to protect the remaining part of renal function, not to the development of more serious cases?
First, there must be a reasonable protein intake. The metabolites of the human body from the main protein in the diet composition, therefore, in order to reduce the residual renal burden of work, protein intake
And the need of kidney excretion capabilities. For example, when the serum creatinine for 170-440 micro-molar / l, protein per kg body weight per day to 0.6 grams suitable, a large number of proteinuria, each lost 1
G urinary protein, 1.5 g protein supplement additional. When serum creatinine over 440 micro-molar / l, protein intake should be further reduced to the daily total is not more than 30 grams for good. However, it
Is to be emphasized that if the blind pursuit of restrictions protein intake will lead patients to malnutrition, physical decline, the results were not good.
Secondly, in order to make the maximum intake of protein used to keep their energy consumption into a swap, in a low protein diet, it is also necessary supplementary energy. Per kg body weight per day to
Less 35 kcal heat, mainly from sugar supply, eat fruits, sugar products, chocolate, jam and honey.
Third, it is worth noting that although there are some with food in front of conditions, such as egg yolk, Rusong, animal offal, dairy products, such as bone marrow, but because of their higher phosphorus is unfit for human consumption,
Because phosphorus retention will bring further deterioration of renal function. In order to reduce phosphorus in the food, edible fish, meat, potatoes, and so on, should be boiled before abandoning further soup after cooking.
Fourth, the amount of salt should be set depending on condition, if hypertension, edema, suitably low-salt diet, daily 2 grams of salt.
Fifth, the renal excretion of the drug may also damage the kidney, such as gentamycin, sulfa antibiotics, such as penicillin, indomethacin, acetaminophen, as well as hormones, contrast agent.
In addition, if there are high blood pressure, diabetes, infection, but also to prevent these diseases of the kidney injury.

Polycystic kidney failure caused by the Control Act

Congenital polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disease, as demonstrated in a number of bilateral renal or numerous, ranging from the size of the cyst fluid due to kidney significantly increased, morphological disorders. As the disease,
Exhibition cyst may continue to increase more, and ultimately may have been seriously damaged kidney tissue caused renal failure.
Polycystic kidney renal failure symptoms more complex, in addition to back pain, abdominal mass (increasing kidney), hematuria, and other characteristics of polycystic kidney changes, but also there are many complications,
Hypertension is common, infected cyst, cyst rupture, there may be advanced abdominal swelling, waist pain, difficulty in breathing, many infected urine, nausea and vomiting, the patient is suffering.
Polycystic kidney renal failure for the treatment, currently there is no effective cure therapy, and is mainly active early prevention and treatment of polycystic kidney complications occurred and development, in order to protect the remnants of the kidney
Function, renal function to avoid further damage. As long as the right to accept reasonable treatment, most patients with clinical symptoms and renal function can be controlled or improved so that the disease is relatively stable and the quality of life
Increased longevity.
(1) early detection of disease: According to statistics, polycystic kidney disease is 60 percent to 70 percent of the genetic tendency, and the men and women roughly equal opportunity disease. Therefore, in a family history of polycystic kidney disease in the family can have more than
At the same time illness. The polycystic kidney disease usually in the 25-35 age began symptoms, and some patients even in the event of renal failure after symptoms were detected. So the family has a history of polycystic kidney disease,
To do regular follow-up with the census, so early detection and timely treatment. Now commonly used B-, CT, MRI (magnetic resonance), and other means of inspection can be made in the diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease. Serum creatinine, urine
- Nitrogen can reflect the extent of the damage renal disease and the development stage, it should make periodic inspections. Gene diagnostics, to get early pregnancy fetal genetic situation, the increase rate of a certain gifted students
Help.
(2) early prevention and treatment of complications: hypertension, urinary tract infection, polycystic kidney cyst rupture is a common complication, but also induced renal damage and increase the important factors, we must increase and
In treatment and control. But in the course of treatment, the drug should be taken to avoid renal toxicity. If there was more than hematuria, or severe low back pain, abdominal pain, and so on, very likely to be infected with a blood cyst
Or cyst rupture due to the timely visit to the hospital, so as not to delay treatment, increasing renal failure.
(3) renal cyst puncture in the treatment of: renal cyst puncture in the treatment generally carried out in recent years is a method of treatment, apply to various types of renal cysts sick. The main purpose of the adoption of
The puncture of the cyst fluid, eliminate or reduce renal cysts around the oppression, restore renal blood flow, and protect and improve renal function. At the same time cyst infection, bleeding, empyema, also have a good effect
. Renal cyst puncture in the treatment of the main advantages is that simple, small tissue injury, the patient less pain, but also repeated many times, it has become the treatment of renal cysts one of the important methods.
(4) the treatment of Chinese medicine: Chinese medicine for chronic renal failure treatment, a considerable effect, particularly for the patients as early as mid-term, could significantly improve the clinical symptoms, the development of disease control
And lower serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen. For polycystic kidney disease caused by kidney failure, can dialectic of governance on the basis of selection dangshen, Astragalus, Chinese angelica, rhubarb, red Sanleng, Ezhu, Wye cattle
Knee, Xianling spleen, and Min insects, grass snake tongue drugs to Fuzheng to evil, Blood Circulation, the Qing potential detoxification, the treatment can play a good role. After years of clinical practice proved that the TCM
Chronic renal failure efficiency reached 86%.
(5) family care and tone: polycystic kidney renal failure is a chronic disease development, often emotional fluctuations, excessive fatigue or dietary honour, falls and other trauma condition aggravated.
Therefore, polycystic kidney failure patients should maintain ease of mind and Laoyijiege, establish the confidence to overcome the disease, and with treatment. In catering to the fresh light, and full of nutrition, and more fresh fruit
, The proper control of protein intake, deprivation or bitter cold Feigan stimulate the goods, liquor quit smoking and maintain patency stool. Obviously hypertension edema, to limit sodium intake. Some text can be properly attended
Of entertainment, but it should be to prevent collisions lumbar abdominal compression, so as to avoid bleeding cysts. Severe illness are required bed rest.
(6) renal replacement therapy: polycystic kidney advanced renal failure patients, often the majority of renal function loss or complete loss of drug reaction poor, and increasing clinical symptoms, disease risk
Way to consider this a renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. However, renal cysts patients peritoneal kidney significantly increased capacity reduction, peritoneal dialysis less effective, so the general permeability of blood
Analysis of treatment. More than the bleeding, or blood pressure are difficult to control and, if necessary, may consider surgical resection of the kidney. Conditions may also carry out kidney transplant.

Elderly diabetic protective measures

(L) alert tin, early detection, early treatment. Elderly diabetes, symptoms not typical, Block alert tin, regular health checks. The current medical tests are fasting glucose, diabetes light islet dysfunction lighter, fasting insulin secretion either a certain amount of insulin to maintain normal glucose level, but after dining islet load increased, insulin secretion that were inadequate, resulting in elevated blood sugar. So fasting glucose normal, except not diabetes, medical tests should be two-hour postprandial glucose better. Old diabetic kidney arteriosclerosis or nephropathy, renal threshold increased sugar, though high blood sugar glucose but still negative, At this time must check blood sugar. Some specialties such as ophthalmologists encountered since cataract, diabetes limits of the patients change the end, dermatology found recurring Furuncle patients Cave gynecological encounter genital itching, blood sugar testing should be routine. Many diabetes is found by them. Old age diabetes, cardiovascular and neurological complications such as a high-incidence prime minister, the physician should be more police tin, Where encountered cardiovascular, nervous system diseases chips treatment of the elderly, particularly obesity, blood sugar testing in a timely manner. Hospitalized medical patients put on blood glucose testing, in particular, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose as a routine examination. If early detection of diabetes and promptly control, some complications early lesions can be reversed. (2) active control of blood glucose, not laissez-faire. Perhaps some may think that age has been so great, and they can eat, instead, diabetes itself is not painful, nor the itch, not worthwhile for diet control, various oral hypoglycemic drugs or even Hong Tian insulin. Nothing wrong with this view. Now people live longer, if the right moderate diabetes taking a laissez-faire attitude, and then with a normal life, the The difference is significant. Not timely treatment of diabetes, in a very short period of time from various complications, or even maimed and die. Therefore Turn try glucose and technology system in the normal range. (3) Older patients with diabetes, liver and kidney accompanied dysfunction, which are often easy to hypoglycemia reaction. Therefore these patients can be appropriately relaxed control standards. To 2 hours postprandial hyperglycemia in 11.1 cents mole / l (200 mg / dl) following better. And the general principles of treatment similar to diabetes. (4) proper diet. About 30% of patients, simple diet in the treatment of illness or network control. General advocated low-fat, high-carbohydrate and high cellulose diet, will enable the surrounding tissue to insulin sensitivity increased, thus decreased blood glucose tolerance improved. Eat a certain amount of crude fiber foods such as wheat bran, corn bran, may slow down the intestinal absorption of sugar speed, thus prevent excessive postprandial hyperglycemia. Have hyperlipidemia must limit fat intake volume, hypercholesterolemia who must limit high cholesterol foods, like animal offal, egg yolk, such as explants. (5) To appropriate physical activity. Elderly Diabetics should engage in appropriate physical activity, persist in physical training.

Patients should not rich in cholesterol absorption

Cholesterol is not essential nutrient substances, nor can material for the body, but the body has its very important biological functions, It participated in many of the composition of biofilm, safeguarding the membrane structure and function. However, high serum cholesterol is detrimental to the human body, could lead to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes control in poor condition often associated with hypercholesterolemia, if too fresh food such as cholesterol-rich yolk, brain, liver, lung, kidney, a higher serum cholesterol will promote atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiovascular disease and development. Thus, diabetics should limit dietary cholesterol intake, and to limit the total number of calories, total fat and saturated fatty acid intake to lower serum cholesterol. General propositions daily cholesterol intake should be below 30 0mg, there should be no diabetes or deprivation of food rich in cholesterol.

Insulin treatment of the disease adaptation

(1) insulin-dependent diabetes, regardless of whether they have ketoacidosis continuous insulin therapy. (2) Non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients as a result of stress, infection, trauma, surgery, Acute myocardial infarction occurred under circumstances such as ketoacidosis, to temporarily used insulin therapy until the elimination of the stress response, after his condition improved discretion suspended. (3) pregnant women with diabetes or gestational diabetes. (4) associated with diabetic vascular lesions, such as retinopathy, kidney disease or neurological disease, cirrhosis, lower limb gangrene, and so on insulin therapy to be adopted. (5) diabetes significantly reduced body weight, with malnutrition, stunted growth, to use insulin therapy; If accompanied by tuberculosis and other chronic wasting disease will be required to joint anti-tuberculosis treatment. (6) Secondary diabetes as pituitary diabetes, pancreatic diabetes must use insulin therapy. (7) diabetes with hyperosmolar coma or lactic acidosis patients. (8) diabetes, all with diet control and oral hypoglycemic drug treatment is not well controlled, Insulin therapy can be used.

Pregnant insulin dosage of principle

Pregnant women with diabetes or gestational diabetes, in order to guarantee the normal fetal growth and development with insulin therapy. Early in pregnant women due to pregnancy response, eating less and less insulin requirements. Sometimes normal fasting blood glucose or hypoglycemia, could not drugs, but because of the late pregnancy placenta growth hormone lactation, Estrogen, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and adrenal secretion increased cortisol secretion, Antagonism is the role of insulin, tissue insulin dose increased need. After delivery to patients with gestational diabetes can be suspended insulin, diabetes before pregnancy after the birth of the child who needed insulin also reduce the volume. General dose : If pregnancy fasting blood glucose greater than 7.8 mmol / L, per kg body weight per day 0.6U insulin; Since the 6 ~ 18 weeks to 0.7U / (kg body weight); No. 19 ~ 26 weeks to 0.8U / (kg body weight); No. 26 ~ 36 weeks to 0.9U (kg body weight); After the first 36 weeks of a U / (kg body weight) or childbirth. After childbirth were also reduced to 0.6 U / (kg body weight).

What diabetic patients suitable biguanides hypoglycemic agen

(1), middle-aged onset of type II diabetes patients Obesity is especially partial to pass through diet control and exercise therapy to control hyperglycemia in patients. (2) have used sulfonylurea drugs or exercise therapy have lapsed. (3) type 1 diabetes fluctuations, and to try biguanides reduce insulin dose, reducing blood glucose fluctuations. (4) the use of smaller doses of insulin (20 U per day) in the treatment of patients, the Greek population used medication, sulfonylurea of allergy or failure to try. (5) patients on insulin resistance, and biguanides dose can be reduced or prevented hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. (6) Type II diabetes and obesity may sulfonylurea drugs combined to reduce weight.

Diabetes Prevention and the substance

First, from the epidemiological investigation initial step to the early diagnosis and early treatment. Early detection and treatment, epidemiological investigation must be from the start, pay close attention to suspected cases of diabetes, was firmly dangerous types, promote the early identification type I diabetes, early detection and treatment based on its course of the "pre-diabetes" stage, vigorously carry out activities for maintaining diabetes. Second, the popularity of diabetes education, the establishment of Diabetes Prevention Network and the prevention of achieving three goals, Good diabetes control and to reach the target, requiring at least a half to complete the doctors. A doctor to the doctors, and more than half of doctors means I must become a diabetes self-care, self-care doctors, their way of receiving diabetes education. And the establishment of a community into three levels of diabetes control networks, individual control groups to control. 3 diabetes prevention goals : primary prevention -- to prevent the onset diabetes; secondary prevention -- early detection and effective treatment of diabetes; 3 Prevention -- delaying and (or) the prevention of diabetes complications. Third, the correct use of the "three basic types of therapy" in the treatment of diabetes. Attention to the type I diabetes and Type II diabetes treatment is different. Three basic types of therapy, including diet, exercise, and hypoglycemic drug combination therapy. Three therapies for lifelong therapy, treatment should be stressed that the use of these types of measures, individualization, up to the goal of effective treatment. Fourth, we must uphold good diabetes therapy, and vigorously promote the use of blood glucose monitoring. Hyperglycemia is causing diabetes and diabetic complications caused one of the main reasons high blood sugar control is the treatment of diabetes lies. In order to understand whether good diabetes control standards, the need for regular monitoring of blood glucose, high speed for timely treatment programs. Blood glucose monitoring interval and frequency, depending on the severity and monitoring conditions.

Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis the prognosis?

Generally, juvenile ankylosing spondylitis the disease progress more slowly, the better the prognosis. Despite the limb may suffer, but not hip, the other involved the joint inflammation can be treated and cured. not left disabled. Hip involvement, in addition to the early days of hip pain and restricted activities, About 1 / 3 of patients may occur hip damage or narrow, and will ultimately lead to ankylosis, needing total hip arthroplasty. Iridocyclitis not left more serious sequelae. See fewer heart change, mainly in the terminally ill, in the early if there is often a symptom of poor prognosis.

Rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis What is the difference

Although rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis only difference, but the meaning is completely different. RA is a manifestation of rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is from Group A hemolytic streptococcus infection caused by systemic allergic diseases, often the beginning of the disease such as infection with erysipelas history. Rheumatic fever rapid onset, and more common in young people. RA violations of the heart can be caused rheumatic heart disease, and have a fever and skin nodules and rashes, and other performance. RA has two characteristics : First, the Red joints, swelling, heat, pain Clearly, it is not, the incidence is often part of the knee. hip, ankle and other joints lower limbs, followed by the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, foot and the small joints rare; 2 migration pain is uncertain, for a period of time the joint attack is a period of time that is not joint, but the pain duration is not long, A few days can be dissipated. ESR accelerate blood tests, anti-"0" titer increased, rheumatoid factor negative. Cured after recurrence, and joint deformities leave, and some patients can change left over from a heart attack. RA is an autoimmune disease, not a hereditary disease, but may be related to genetic factors, occur in women aged 20 -40. Early symptoms of joint pain, swelling, Fajiang, activities inconvenience when light at the weight, asthma and recurrences are common. Chang left ankylosis bone deformities. Although a few patients to have cardiovascular disease, but the vast majority of patients without cardiac symptoms, rheumatoid factor positive. Evidently, rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis are though, have joint pain symptoms, but not the same disease, should not be mingled.

Diabetic patients need emergency surgery how do?

Diabetic patients who need emergency surgery for patients who need the 5% -10% of which 80% patients with severe infection easily and ketoacidosis. Best first active treatment ketoacidosis, correct water loss, electrolyte imbalance, strive for glycemic control in 11.1 mmol / L and then surgery. If conditions require immediate surgery, such as : stop bleeding, intestinal obstruction, such as the operation should be actively treated diabetes, Ketoacidosis correct, the best choice of anesthesia or local anesthesia epidural anesthesia. Avoid hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia awareness for the cover is dangerous. Ketoacidosis can occur abdominal pain, easily confused with the acute abdomen, but the former disappeared with ketoacidosis pick.

Should be cautious in treating diabetes disease

Prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy, diabetic eye disease, diabetic neuropathy include : (a) strictly control the good diabetes, also including hypertension control. (2) rational drug use : diabetic nephropathy, diabetic eye disease, diabetic neuropathy development of the medium-term patients They should be encouraged to switch to insulin therapy, in order to get the best effect. (3) the use of vitamins and vasoactive drugs : in particular, vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin E. (4) the use of Chinese medicine symptomatic treatment. (5) on patients with diabetic nephropathy due to the control of protein intake. (6) retinopathy heavier patients, laser treatment.

Some special types of asthma

Bronchial asthma (asthma) is a common disease, in patients with recurrent episodes of wheezing and coughing, spitting features. Typical diagnosis of asthma is not difficult, but mild and special type of asthma, even doctors, their error rate of misdiagnosis is also high. An internal investigation showed its delay in the diagnosis rate of 42%, therefore, should raise asthma, especially not typical, special type of asthma awareness. This paper presents several special types of asthma, which could be helpful to readers. 1, cough variant asthma cough variant asthma in recent years, having knowledge of the disease. Its characteristics : many patients with personal or family history of allergic disease, chronic irritation dry cough often is the only clinical manifestations, Minorities can be accompanied by chest tightness, pharyngeal itching, rhinorrhea, symptoms of the Spring and Autumn season easily repeated attack in the night, the early morning, after heavy exercise, sustainable course of a few days to several years, sports, cold, contact allergens such as regular as predisposing factors. The disease antibiotics, cough medicine invalid, and asthma, antihistamine and adrenocorticotropic hormone effectively. 2, aspirin aspirin asthma Asthma is defined as taking aspirin or its compound preparation of asthma. In recent years found, in addition to many of antipyretic analgesics like analgin, paracetamol, indomethacin, ibuprofen, etc. can be induced asthma, because mechanism with prostaglandin metabolism, it is considered to be classified as a category. Its features : 20 patients with 40-year-old female see more, These commonly used drug after a 0.5 ~ 4 hours or sudden onset of asthma increased performance for the sweat dripping, a runny nose, sneezing, body itching, with rash, shortness of breath, wheezing or breathing heavier, many people often combined with nasal polyps and sinusitis. Treatment of the disease more difficult, in addition to symptomatic treatment, but also should not view the use of therapy. Prevention is to avoid taking these drugs induced asthma, a family history of this type of asthma, You need Jiyong analogues such as aspirin. 3, exercise-induced asthma exercise-induced asthma is strenuous exercise may induce or exacerbated asthma. The disease can be found in any age, but the male child morbidity higher. Its characteristics as : continuing up to 5 ~ 10 minutes of strenuous exercise after chest tightness, wheezing and dyspnea appetite. Wheezing may hear the sound. Symptoms in campaign stop after 5 ~ 10 minutes, but also in the process of movement there, sustained a 0.5-hour can be gradually eased, and only a few serious Sustainable 2 ~ 3 hours. The asthma and the type of movement, time, intensity and the prevailing climate, in the short five minutes of exercise or take a walk, Taijiquan and other minor sports, not normally induced asthma. In the dry season cold outdoors walking, hiking, jogging, playing golf over the summer will carry out swimming, boating, Biking and other exercise-induced significantly higher. The asthma easier to prevent, avoid vigorous, prolonged exercise, or exercise 15 minutes before use ketotifen. anthocyanin sodium, and other drugs can be effective in preventing the incidence after taking aminophylline, salbutamol and other drug treatment of asthma effectively. 4, the Occupational asthma occupational asthma is aggravated asthma attack or career-related, an occupational areas. Under the diagnosis of the state, which is where China has engaged in asthma and isocyanate esters, phthalic anhydride, amines, platinum compound and the salts, such as sisal one of the five categories of material related to the occupational, will be considered under the criteria of diagnosis of the disease. Its features are : no more than past history of asthma, at the beginning of a new job or exposure to a new material soon after the onset (work have easy access to trigger asthma allergens. Common were food, animals, plumage, drugs, etc.), the same environment and other staff have similar patients; Asthma in contact with each working environment after the attack or intensify, a detached from the environment will not attack or gradually reduce. This type of asthma who should be separated from occupational exposure, according to the general attack of asthma treatment, or family history of asthma, should avoid engaging in more professional. 5, cardiogenic asthma Actually, it is not asthma areas because of its performance and attack of asthma and similar name, attention to the genuine identification of asthma. The disease is characterized by many patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease or rheumatic heart disease, such as history, often attack at night asleep or tired after, showing a sudden short breath and sweat dripping, lip bruising, cough, Turpan-pink bubble-like phlegm, to a lesser extent, or to rise by the rest can be improved, severe required emergency rescue, In addition to the treatment of applications such as asthma drug aminophylline, should mainly to correct heart failure. All adults over the first characteristic of asthma, should be promptly went to the hospital for a comprehensive check.

Food alert infants allergic asthma

Infant Asthma is children under the age of five is a chronic respiratory disease, the children have serious health hazard. Incidence more performance : the sudden onset of breathing difficulties. could be heard and harmony into a wheezing or a combination of paroxysmal chest tightness or stubborn cough. Attack more time in the early morning and evening, to ease after treatment or remission, but easily repeated attack. Most infants have asthma incentives, such as respiratory infections, inhaled allergens or irritating odor source and food allergies. Clinical revealed that the cause of food allergies in children, asthma is more common, and many infants eating food allergens, Almost every time there asthma, which should cause parents enough attention. Easily cause asthma in infants and young children which are common food? 1. Milk and its products : This is because milk lack of a comprehensive, adequate immunoglobulin, which is lack of antibodies, Milk also contains more than 20 kinds of protein, B-lactoglobulin antigenicity of the strongest, but heat, right - with some resistance, and sugar together heating will increase its antigenicity, induced asthma attack opportunities increase. Therefore, infants to boil milk when one should not add sugar. 2. Eggs categories : eggs containing the egg white proteins, ovalbumin protein for the main antigen, with heat, difficult to proteolytic destruction, Ingestion can cause allergic reactions. 3. Other food : such as shrimp, crab, shellfish, pork, chicken, peanuts, walnuts, sunflower seeds, chocolate, coffee, soybeans and their products. Some children may only for a food allergy, some people might be allergic to a variety of food. allergies may not occur in the food itself, but food additives. According to statistics, about 5% of asthma occur by sulfite (antioxidants and preservatives). Food-induced asthma is characterized by a few minutes after eating a few hours to have occurred breathing. If asthma and to determine what food, in addition to relying on history (or have to eat a certain food allergies or breathing. and the suspension of natural ease symptoms), but also for skin test, Determination of specific immune serum globulin or oral stimulation, research the types of food allergens. and avoid eating such foods will help to reduce the incidence of allergic reactions.

Patients with diabetes should pay attention to what issues?

First regular review glucose, glucose and electrolytes, to continue fasting glucose supplement vein, daily intake volume in 150 -250 grams of sugar and insulin, the ratio of 3-6:1 U prevent ketoacidosis or hypoglycemia. When ketosis, the measurement of blood glucose response, with the rate of carbon dioxide and electrolyte, distinguish diabetic ketoacidosis or sexual hunger ketonemia and dealt with accordingly. , As appropriate, after each 4 -6 hours glucose and glucose 1st, fasting glucose .3-11.1 at 8 mmol / L safer. Another need to provide the necessary antibiotic treatment or prevention of infection. When patients resume normal diet, can be short-acting insulin before meals to subcutaneous injection. Wound healing in stable condition before the resumption of preoperative treatment programs.

Diabetic patients before and after surgery should be prepare

1. Patients with diabetes should be aware of their condition and maintain a calm attitude and appropriate activities to maintain a stable blood sugar, This operation is very favorable. 2. The doctor should understand the patients before, we should have an understanding of diabetes patients is a type 2 or type, In addition to the general surgical judgment of risk factors, there should be proper understanding of diabetes complications arising from the main organs of the state function and the degree of damage, and so on. Therefore, preoperative patients with diabetes to undergo a comprehensive examination, including blood sugar, glucose, ketone body, glycosylated hemoglobin, Determination of electrolytes and lipids, heart, liver and kidney function checks. 3. Diabetic patients before surgery to control blood sugar in the ideal state, at least for the first three Indian hospital blood sugar monitoring. For light diabetic or just diet control plus oral hypoglycemic agents that can be controlled to impose a small operation, soon to be normal after eating, to preoperative glycemic control in 8.3 mmol / L more appropriate, not special treatment; condition serious need of oral hypoglycemic agents or combined organ injuries in the first three days should use short-acting insulin, and a good dose adjustment. General requirements preoperative fasting glucose in the .2-8.9 7 mmol / L below 24 hours less than 5-10 grams of glucose, without ketoacidosis; Kirstine original, Preoperative should switch to ordinary insulin treatment, in order to adjust the dosage of insulin. 4. Preoperative diabetics diet adjustments : an appropriately increase protein ratio, the total calorie content 20%; 2. of the total calories of carbohydrates control the ratio between the 45% -60% daily intake of at least 250 grams to 300 grams, in order to have sufficient glycogen Wu preparation; 3, added fats, But their intake of total calories should not exceed the 25%; 4, to add vitamins, vitamin B, vitamin C can improve the healing of the body, improve blood coagulation function will be of great help; 5. Fresh high crystalline cellulose for easing sugar absorption is very important.

Bronchial asthma clinical types

According to bronchial asthma severity, extent and causes seizures divided into different types. 1, according induced asthma etiology, clinical asthma will be divided into allergic asthma (or exogenous asthma), Infection Asthma (endogenous or asthma), exercise-induced asthma, asthma drugs and mixed asthma. 2, according to the severity level of asthma is mild, moderate asthma and severe asthma. 3, under attack divided into small attack : the attack although it does not affect sleep, or oral application, Spray the drug can ease within two hours; Chinese Attack : Attack even drama, not between reclining, affect sleep more than an hour or two a similar level of attack; big attack : fierce attack, the disease can not tolerate abuse, take frequent injections can be eased administration.

Bronchial asthma is how the incidence

In everyday life, people often come into contact with can cause allergic materials such as leather, a sweater, plant pollen, fish, shrimp, seafood, Certain drugs, which to normal human would not cause any reaction, but right Allergies children, as allergens can trigger various allergies, the most common and most serious allergic reaction is bronchial asthma. Children come into contact with allergens, the body, has generated a specific antibodies, the human body is sensitized so that state, If later the same again contact allergens, it would be antigen-antibody reaction, some cells in vivo changes release some special bioactive substances (such as histamine, steamed bread reactive substances, 5-HT). These substances can occur strongly bronchial smooth muscle contraction and bronchial mucosa congestion, edema, increased secretions. Because smooth muscle cramps, the lumen become tighter, coupled with increased sputum, and very thick, filled bronchi, lung ventilation reduction in the volume of gas were not enough to feel the need to breathe hard, it will lead to asthma. Under normal circumstances, inspiratory tracheal lumen enlargement, breath when the contrary, once stenosis and breath difficulties will arise. So children with asthma breathing difficulties to breath difficulties characteristic.

Winter home care for asthma

One to understand the cause of asthma and Threatened : common incentives are : upper respiratory infections, allergic reactions or physical and chemical factors; mental factors such as emotional fluctuations, conditioned reflex; and climate change, vigorous exercise, smoking, Patients on certain medications such as propranolol. Often before the attack mucosal allergic phenomena such as the nose, eyelid itching, sneezing, runny nose, dry cough and other symptoms indication. 2, psychological care : mother to raise awareness of asthma, not to be overly doting children, asthma do not meet their demands and arguments not. Eliminate sick child psychology of fear. Children encouraged to control symptoms in the process of starting protagonist role, with the understanding that the disease, development and prognosis, maintaining a happy mood, establish the confidence to overcome the disease, asthma treatment reasonable, adequate and effective. 3, the dietary guidance : catering to children with asthma tepid, rich nutrition and avoid eating greasy salt hot. stimulated strong spicy food, eat more fruits and vegetables. 4, the correct use of inhalants : At the beginning of the inspiratory appetite emitted inhalants, then deep sniff, school-age children can be directly imported spray containing exposure, inhalation after completion of mouthwash to reduce pharyngeal stimulation, to prevent infection, and drug overdose. 5, room management : A, indoor furniture as simple as possible cleansing. B, not linked to indoor tapestry, a scroll, do not use carpet. C, as a new production of cotton quilts and mattresses, avoid using Silk Floss, fur, feather quilt or Zhenxin materials. D, not indoor cats, dogs, birds and other small animals. E, to maintain good indoor ventilation and sunlight, regular daily ventilation. F, indoor avoiding smoking, pesticides, cosmetics, etc. Camphor Ball Volatile items, to avoid the strong smell of flowers. G, cleaning with a wet cloth and wipe as much as possible. 6, asthma care : asthma attack when parents to be calm, Parents unrest will add to the spirit of the disease burden of children and aggravate their condition. Let infants abdominal deep breathing, according to medication, as appropriate medication, but must strictly adhere to dosage, usage, indications and contraindications. Let sick child in half berth to the sick child massage intercostal muscle, pushing the chest rub, please shoot back, guiding sick child feel comfortable so far. Encourage the water to prevent dry sputum Guitar difficult cough. Not barely eating, not eating food if the fed, and may trigger asthma do not eat food such as fish, shrimps and prawns. If necessary, taken to the hospital for treatment.

Bronchial asthma control principles

(1), in addition to causes : the early recognition of the early signs of attack, avoid or eliminate allergens and other non-specific stimulation. (2) to control acute attack : Attack should balance spasm anti-inflammatory and airway mucus removal suppository. (3), the promotion of expectoration : If sputum airway obstruction, hypoxia may increase and make inflammatory mediators, further airway spasm. (4), severe asthma treatment : timely to the rescue multifaceted and integrated. (5), in remission therapy : the consolidation effect, prevent or reduce recurrence.

Why corticosteroid asthma can effectively control?

Glucocorticoids, primarily through the following channels play a role in order to achieve the purpose of the prevention and treatment of asthma. (1) of glucocorticoids can effectively prevent or reduce allergic airway inflammation and lower airway from allergic inflammation induced airway hyperresponsiveness anti - Ying Xing. The present view of the pathogenesis of asthma not only by certain allergens or incentives caused by bronchial spasm (contraction) of the causes . but due to allergens or other factors (external), and body inherent in the Constitution (specific) reactivity physique (internal), Interaction of a series of allergic reactions occurred in allergic airway inflammation (reaction). Regardless of asthma exacerbation or remission, regardless of the severity of allergic airway inflammation persists, cause the airway to outside stimuli response increased (airway hyper-responsiveness), Once exposed to the normal reaction is not a slight boost, it will cause extensive airway spasm (narrow), increased mucus secretion, the patient felt tightness in the chest, sputum increased, cough and asthma and other acute asthma attack. Glucocorticoids on the trigger allergic inflammation lesions of the many elements involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and the inhibition of inflammatory cells have available. Recently found that inhaled corticosteroids can prevent various inter-induced bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma late (delayed ) reaction, if long-term use will also reduce all of the early antigen (speed) reaction and exercise-induced asthma. Glucocorticoid the strongest anti-inflammatory effects, the results would be the best, while both permanent cure the symptoms. (2) of glucocorticoids can effectively increase β2 agonist (eg salbutamol or CHUANKANG speed, etc.) the expansion of bronchial role. Modern β2 agonist is the most commonly used asthma medicine, as a result of successive applications, The response of patients gradually decreased (medically known as desensitization or tolerance), it is also more effective not fall, Glucocorticoids through increased airway beta receptor density of airway smooth muscle beta receptor response stop and reverse beta agonist sensitivity of the rapid decline. Glucocorticoids can prevent a lot of smooth muscle contractile properties of the medium formation and release. (3) corticosteroid with anti-allergic (immune suppression), it will inhibit lymphoid hyperplasia, make blood lymphocytes of special T-lymphocyte reduction, but also inhibit the specific IgE production. (4) glucocorticoids can significantly improve airway obstruction and arterial oxygen, conducive to severe acute asthma attack (asthma status) of the safety of our patients to ride out the storm.

Chronic cough may not be asthma?

The general concept is certainly asthma and shortness of breath can be heard wheezing. This idea is not entirely correct in fact, about half of asthma, began only in the performance of chronic cough, In particular night cough is more severe, the movement can easily cough, using ordinary cold medicine. rule also could not control. a trailer is a few weeks, this time on children may be suspected of suffering from asthma. If the early morning wake up repeatedly is sneeze or stuffy nose, which should bring more doctors to see if achieved asthma. The diagnosis of asthma, in general do not need any special inspection equipment, only by the following simple history can assess, but generally pretty close : (1) First, a clear family history of allergy, parents, brothers and sisters, often allergic rhinitis, dermatitis or asthma. (2) whether the patients themselves are typical allergy history? If one. Have it from childhood atopic dermatitis (eczema). These eczema began a regular occurrence in the face, grew up with eczema will slowly spread to the lateral limbs. Children were later made good on the medial joint. 2. Allergic rhinitis, children will wake up early sneeze repeatedly, blocked and runny nose. 3. Relapsing bronchiolitis, three or more wheezing attack. (3) the general reaction bad cold medicine. Chronic Cough these children in the outside often have eaten several weeks of cold medicine, a bit of good improvement, But often if given the treatment of asthma drugs, can cure to the disease were. If such cases, the child must be achieved suspected asthma.

How to treat isolated systolic hypertension

1. It is preferable to eating low-salt diet, salt per day and no more than five grams of ~ 10 (1 ~ 2 money), not smoking, not drinking. 2. Physical burden little choice movement, such as jogging, boxing, practicing qigong and other seat. Can massage the head and face, to promote vascular smooth muscle relaxation, the way to first Cuore hand, Massage hands again repeated the head and face 20 ~ 30 times. 3. Periodic inspection lipid control Effect of high fat diet, eat the offal and animal products, regular consumption of black fungus, such as hawthorn. Obesity is required for weight control. 4. From lying to standing position not too fast to prevent orthostatic hypotension. 5. Antihypertensive, hypolipidemic drugs should be with taking. Avoid sudden out of antihypertensive drugs which led to the "drug rebound phenomenon." 6. Maintain patency stool. 7. Fostering stable and optimistic mood, to avoid emotion, so calm.

Guasha treatment of hypertension

Hypertension is also called essential hypertension. Arterial hypertension is, in particular, continued to increase diastolic pressure characteristic of chronic systemic vascular disease. Where clinical systolic pressure equal to or higher than 21.33 kPa, diastolic blood pressure equal to or higher than 12.6kPa. is between those who can be a diagnosis of hypertension. Patients with systemic symptoms such as headache, dizziness, Drawing, tinnitus, vertigo, insomnia, heart palpitations. which headache and dizziness symptoms of the disease, we can see a heavy head, neck plate bear flu. The disease as a serious health hazard to the common diseases and frequently-occurring disease, the incidence rate of increase with the increase, over 40 years of age increased rapidly. Hypertension is higher nervous activity obstacles caused by the disease. Chinese medicine that the disease caused by mental stress, anxiety blues, or sweet food, drinking to excess, liver and kidney imbalance between yin and yang. Modern Medicine that the disease is a hereditary. In therapy, in addition to applying the antihypertensive drugs, the use of Chinese medicine therapy Guasha is a certain effect. Scrapping Swings site : Baihui (first top). Tianzhu (item Ministry YAMEN Point open field adjacent 1.3-inch). Wind pool (item Department, the wind on both sides of Point Depression). Well shoulder (clavicle and scapula among ST.). Wind city (laptop or seven shoots, in the center of lateral legs Buy). Qu pool (Elbow, elbow striped outer end Depression). Greet people (neck, Guitar-inch hose along 0.2). Zusanli (Outer Point under knee eyes inch).

Respiratory infection caused asthma

Respiratory infections, especially HIV infection in children induced asthma is a major factor. According to the asthma clinic statistics, about 70% of children with respiratory tract infection was due to an asthma attack and excited, flu patients accounted for 45%. bronchitis patients accounted for 20%. Respiratory tract infection caused an asthma attack because : 1. Viruses or bacteria or become an invasive respiratory inhalant allergens, which can cause rapid-onset allergy. 2, infection of the respiratory mucosa is a non-specific stimulation, Infection after the airway secretions stimulate the state-bronchial mucosa caused bronchial smooth muscle spasticity resulting from asthma. 3, respiratory cells infected after the release of neuraminidase, the tablets can change the cell surface antigen caused her allergic reaction. 4, respiratory infections causing respiratory epithelial injury, exfoliated epithelial airway lost so protective barrier function; respiratory infection also enable microvascular of inflammatory mediators and neuropeptide the sensitivity increased, resulting in plasma extravasation, the trachea blocked. breathing intensified. Respiratory infection not only stimulate asthma, but asthma can lead to permanent status, therefore, Asthma-abuse prevention of infection is very important.

Childhood asthma prevention and treatment

Asthma is a chronic lung disease and can not be radical. However, patients and parents would be able to properly meet with the doctor and, through appropriate long-term therapy, Asthma can be well controlled. Childhood asthma prevention and treatment to achieve the following two aspects : one, to avoid contact with and stay away from asthma triggers. The more common asthma triggers are : dogs, cats or other animals; Colds or flu; Tree, grass and weed pollen; Dust; mite or mold; perfumes, paints, aerosol sprays or other strong smelling things; cigarettes, toilet paper and wood burning smoke material; the weather changes or very cold air; air pollution; cry or laugh loudly chanted; Aspirin or other drugs; certain foods, parents and patients should check the above which would trigger asthma symptoms, uncovered after should avoid contact or from or control, preventive purposes. Second, the use of the respiratory drug patent and control non-infected airway inflammation. The former can be used as a bronchodilator drug categories, such as salbutamol, salbutamol, dyspnea and recreational speed, aminophylline, long-acting theophylline; Anti-SARS infection latter inflammatory drugs, such as one will be able to aerosol and dry powder type Besco dish, and both inhalation and oral dosage forms such as the disodium cromoglycate. In addition, the treatment also often use antihistamine if it more, ketotifen and application of some immune regulator as thymosin, B-carotene, and so on.

Hypertension patients should insist on controlling blood pressure

According to the 1999 World Health Organization and the International Society of Hypertension jointly published the latest guide to the treatment of hypertension, adults with normal blood pressure as a systolic blood pressure less than 135 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure less than 85 mm Hg. Hypertension will damage long-term heart, brain, kidney and other vital organs, complications, but also serious life-threatening. Long-term hypertension can lead to cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebral artery spasm-prone micro or thromboembolism, severe cerebral hemorrhage may occur (haemorrhagic stroke) or cerebral thrombosis (ischemic stroke), resulting in paralysis of limbs patients, Language barriers, or even death. Long-term hypertension can lead to heart coronary arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease caused angina, hypertension can also cause heart disease, congestive heart failure. Another long-term hypertension is extremely important consequence is that the cause renal dysfunction, and ultimately renal failure that uremia. Many research shows that the organization -- the renin angiotensin system activity increased angiotensin II levels increased, sustained increases in blood pressure and lead to heart, brain, kidney and other vital organs of complications of the culprit. Hypertensive patients adhere to long-term control of blood pressure is very necessary. Adhere to take anti-hypertensive drugs to control blood pressure in systolic blood pressure below 140 mm Hg, diastolic pressure below 90 mm Hg, can significantly reduce the mortality rate of complications. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists are a new class of anti-hypertension drugs, valsartan (Diovan), to be the representative of such drugs. Valsartan can be completely blocked with angiotensin II type I receptor, the combination thereby completely eliminate angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and played vascular expansion, lower blood pressure, delaying and angiotensin II lead to reversal of the heart and vascular remodeling, but also completely protect heart, brain, kidney and other vital organs. Patients with hypertension should be under the guidance of doctors to choose suitable for the anti-hypertension drugs, a long-term, rules to use; Meanwhile, scientific organization of work and life, ensure adequate sleep a day, in the appropriate sports, this will be long-term control of blood pressure in the normal range.

Surgical treatment applied hypertension

Following the surgical treatment of patients suitable for : (1) renal artery openings or openings near the artery following the artery atherosclerosis lesion (available bypass grafts for the treatment of ); (2) distal renal artery branch obstructive lesions (Bench required surgery or nephrectomy); (3) progress muscular fibrous dysplasia angioplasty for the treatment ineffective. These lesions occur in endarterectomy or a variation of the outer membrane; (4) angioplasty only temporarily effective, hypertension or renal failure is still under progress.

Hypertension in the elderly should be careful reserpine

Reserpine is the clinical application of a wide range of anti-hypertensive drugs. The hypotensive effect of the characteristics of slow, moderate, lasting more than 1 week oral appeared, 2 ~ 3 weeks role peak Sustainable withdrawal after 3 ~ 4 weeks. For mild to moderate hypertension early, effective and reliable, and stable. Standing with other antihypertensive agents component compound, the treatment of various types of hypertension. However, long-term use can lead to many adverse reactions, so elderly patients with hypertension, especially should be careful. As the elderly long-term use of reserpine can cause central nervous system and gastrointestinal reactions. Often central role in the performance and stability drowsiness, weakness, fatigue, sometimes a nightmare. Long-term use of low-dose (small to 0.25 mg daily) may also cause depression, serious even attempt suicide. Therefore, if the original spirit of the elderly history of depression banned. If long-term use of large doses of reserpine, dual extrapyramidal symptoms can occur, similar to Parkinson's disease, manifested as muscle tremor, This was due to central basal ganglia dopamine depletion about it. Gastrointestinal reaction mainly to generate increased gastric acid secretion, diarrhea, the elderly suffering from gastric ulcer should be banned reserpine. Application reserpine elderly may emerge after nasal obstruction, heart rate and other symptoms. Long-term can lead to sodium and water retention edema. According to the experts who conducted the survey of adverse drug reaction analysis has found that long-term use of reserpine elderly female patients, their incidence of breast cancer than unmedicated peers Women 3 ~ 4 times. If the aged in the application while taking reserpine digitalis drugs, but also is likely to sudden cardiac arrest or complex arrhythmias. In addition, long-term use of reserpine can inhibit sexual function, mood deterioration of the elderly, depression. Therefore, elderly patients with hypertension do not have to be careful in using or reserpine, especially those with gastrointestinal ulcers, history of depression and heart failure in patients with hypertension, blood pressure should be banned reserpine