How treatment of liver cirrhosis

What serious liver cirrhosis, clinically for the treatment of cirrhosis of the disease, it is generally treated with medication, as well as surgical treatment, surgical treatment is mainly refers to the liver transplant, but it should be noted, have more liver transplant serious indications, it does not mean that all patients with cirrhosis are suitable for a liver transplant, in addition, the use of drugs must be carefully considered, especially in some relatively large for liver damage drugs in the use of certain Note that some of the necessary items, if necessary, also need to stop taking it.
What serious liver cirrhosis
1, the treatment of ascites
Repeatedly put a lot of ascites albumin and intravenous infusion for the treatment of refractory ascites. Daily or three times a week to put ascites, while intravenous infusion of albumin. Increase the plasma colloid osmotic pressure on a regular basis a small weekly, multiple intravenous infusions of plasma or albumin. A large number of ascites reinfusion of ascites for the treatment of refractory ascites, or with the state of hypovolemic hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia and hepatorenal syndrome patients, as well as a variety of reasons urgent need to alleviate the symptoms of the patient.
2, liver transplant
Surgical therapy is suitable for routine end-stage liver disease within. Including irreversible ascites; portal hypertension and upper gastrointestinal bleeding; severe hepatic impairment (Child grade C); liver and kidney syndrome; appear progressive increase of hepatic encephalopathy; cirrhosis foundation with concurrent liver cancer.
3, hepatorenal syndrome

Improve renal function depends on improvement of liver function, so treatment focuses on primary liver disease treatment. On the basis of further treatment. Gastrointestinal bleeding, infection control quickly on predisposing factors. Control of fluid volume to maintain water, electrolyte and acid base balance. Expansion of treatment chosen dextran, albumin, plasma, whole blood and ascites reinfusion of their own and so on, with little or no salt. It can be used with low-dose diuretics and cardiac drugs combined. Vasoactive drugs such as dopamine, prostaglandin E2 may improve renal blood flow, increased glomerular filtration rate.

Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer is uncommon, accounting for only 1% of all malignancies. According to statistics from around the world, the incidence of testicular cancer has regional and ethnic differences, European higher incidence of low Chinese, but because of the following reasons testicular cancer receive special attention. ① 70 years after a breakthrough treatment, mortality decreased from about 50% to 10%. ② 15 to 35 year olds the most common cancer, because young people are able to withstand the rigors of the comprehensive treatment of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. ③ have a tendency to differentiation, spontaneous or after treatment by a benign and malignant changes, such as metastatic cancer after chemotherapy into teratoma. If we can understand the mechanism, it has the potential to differentiate into benign cancer. ④ tumors secrete labeling substance can be isolated from the blood, other tumors are not common.
Tobacco contains arsenic and other carcinogens, and smoking can cause changes in sex hormones, scientists have long suspected that smoking may therefore be one of the risk factors for testicular cancer. The current findings suggest that smoking does increase the risk of testicular cancer risk.

Dairy consumption at higher risk of suffering from testicular cancer is relatively higher. In particular, 87% of those people with high consumption of cheese, suffering from testicular cancer risk higher than the average person.

Therefore, quitting smoking, bad diet adjustment is the key to prevention
Treatment of testicular cancer depends on its nature and pathological staging, treatment can be divided into surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. First it should be done by the radical inguinal orchiectomy. Specimens should be subjected to detailed examination, the best line segment slice, understand the nature of the tumor, especially seminoma is pure or mixed, there is a considerable difference in treatment, the general statistics seminoma 65% to 70% of metastasis. If pure seminoma without retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis only lung, liver metastases, should be thought of non-seminoma components, the following treatment options are discussed.
After (a) seminoma orchiectomy radiotherapy, 25 ~ 35GY (2500 ~ 3500rad) irradiation next three weeks aorta and iliac ipsilateral inguinal lymph nodes. L of 90% to 95% of those who can survive five years. Clinical findings such as retroperitoneal disease that is the second period, the mediastinum and supraclavicular region also irradiated 20 ~ 35GY (2000 ~ 3500rad) 2 ~ 4 weeks 1-year survival rate can reach 80%. Chunks of abdominal lesions distant metastasis and poor prognosis and survival rate of 20% to 30% in recent years, also with cisplatin-containing chemotherapy, can significantly improve the survival rate, 60% to 100% effective should (PVB or DDP ten GY) chemotherapy introduced within the next segment.
When orchiectomy spermatic cord lesions who hemi-scrotum should also be included in the irradiation zone. Abdomen> 10cm tumor, lung metastases were significantly radiation effects.
(Ii) non-seminoma include embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor, or a mixture of various tumors. Retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis very common, due to radiation is better seminoma sensitive, therefore, in addition to outside orchiectomy should also retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, surgery proved cases of first l about 10% to 20% have been transferred, namely pathology belong to two. After orchiectomy plus retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, pathology l about 90% of those who can survive more than five years, who dropped two pathological about 50%. Chapter 3 144 cases of lung metastasis 89% and 73% of the liver, brain and 31%, 30% bone, 30% of the kidney, adrenal gland 29%, 27% of the digestive tract, spleen 13%, 11% of the superior vena cava. With chemotherapy as the primary treatment. In non-seminoma in choriocarcinoma is often the first distant metastasis to lung lesions. During treatment closely observe the changes of the tumor markers AFP and HCG.
Infants less than 3 years old embryonal carcinoma low malignancy than adults, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy poor tolerance, retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis was lower than that of adults, only about 4%, generally do not consider retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, children teratoma, yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma treated with the same. Death mostly blood transfer. If necessary, chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy has a certain position in the non-seminomas, the main indications: ① poor prognosis in stage I non-seminoma, has invaded the spermatic cord or Gu September, after the removal of the tumor continued elevated standard. ②ⅡA-Ⅳ non-seminomas. ③ advanced refractory tumor recurrence or ineffective treatment, the use of salvage chemotherapy.
Based chemotherapy PvB most widely used, namely cisplatin, vincristine base, consisting of bleomycin. Common program: cisplatin 20mg / m2 / day. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Changchun new alkaline o. 2mg / kg. 2 years, bleomycin 30mg / week, 2, 9, 16, 3 weeks for a course of 12 weeks.
The three drugs combined therapy, up to 100% partial remission, complete remission of 70%. I testicular tumors without metastasis of lymph nodes from time to chemotherapy, there are also cases when the advocate Ⅱ of multiple chemotherapy again, can reduce the patient unnecessary blow.
Retroperitoneal bulk tumor, chemotherapy can not exceed the diaphragm, and other tumors shrink further after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Stage Ⅲ patients with chemotherapy.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension

Pregnancy-induced hypertension, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome that is also in the past said gestosis, preeclampsia, pregnant women specific illnesses, mostly in the 20 weeks of pregnancy and the postpartum two weeks, or about 5% of all pregnant women. Some of them, accompanied by proteinuria or edema, a serious condition will have a headache, blurred vision, upper abdominal pain and other symptoms. Without proper treatment, may cause systemic spasm and even coma. Depending on the degree of symptoms, can be divided into mild, moderate and severe.

(A) mild PIH this stage for several days to several weeks, gradually developing or rapidly deteriorating. The following are the symptoms of performance:

1. edema: is the earliest symptom of pregnancy-induced hypertension. It showed only the beginning of weight gain (recessive edema), and then gradually developed into the clinically visible edema.

2. Hypertension: before 20 weeks of pregnancy is not high blood pressure, elevated blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy up to 17.3 / 12KPa (130 / 90mmHg) above, or more basic blood pressure 4 / 2KPa (30 / 15mmHg), or ≥140 / 90mmHg .

3. proteinuria: After appearing in blood pressure, or no trace. Normal pregnant women should not have proteinuria.

(B) moderate PIH Blood pressure increased further, but not more than 21.3 / 14.7KPa (160 / 110mmHg), increased urinary protein, accompanied by edema, may have mild symptoms such as dizziness.

(Iii) severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia PIH include. BP Chaoguo 21.3 / 14.7KPa (160/110 mmHg), urinary protein ~ ++ more than ten, varying degrees of edema, headache, vertigo and other symptoms, severe cases, convulsions, coma.

1. In addition to these three major pre-eclampsia symptoms, dizziness, headache, visual disturbances, abdominal discomfort, nausea and vomiting, chest tightness, and represents the further development of intracranial lesions. At this time the blood pressure more in the 21.3 / 147 KPa (160/110 mmHg) or more, and more severe edema, oliguria, increased urine protein, convulsions may occur at any time, should be actively treated to prevent preeclampsia.

2. ≥160mmHg systolic or diastolic blood pressure ≥110mmHg.

3. urinary protein ≥5g / 24h urine, or urine protein +++ ~ ++++ visible, recurring.

4. On the basis of the above-eclampsia severe symptoms, the seizure, coma or accompanied. A few patients the disease progresses rapidly, preeclampsia symptoms may not be significant, but the sudden convulsions occurred more time before late pregnancy and labor, when a small number of production, less can also occur within 24 hours of delivery.

5. renal insufficiency: PIH decreased urine output <500ml bun="" day="" elevated=""> 5.36mmol / L, creatinine> 91.6μmol / L.

6. DIC was chronic progress, decreased platelets, fibrin degradation products (FDP) increased thromboembolic symptoms and bleeding tendency.

7. Impaired renal function: GPT or (and) bilirubin, synthesis of coagulation factors disorders, patients may have hepatomegaly, hepatitis but should be excluded.

8. Pulmonary edema: patients with shortness of breath, facial cyanosis, pulmonary rales, cough or spit foamy sputum.

9. myocardial ischemia or heart failure; patients with palpitations, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, can not be supine, ECG showed ST segment depression.
TCM treatment

1. The sixth massage

(1) rub with two hands on both sides of the friction head 36 times each.

(2) wipe with both hands index finger, middle finger and ring finger of the pulp, wipe from the middle of the forehead to the temple to both sides of each 36 times.

(3) roll hands fist, fist eye facing the corresponding lower back, scroll up and down 36 times a little harder, rolling margin as large as possible.

(4) rub two overlapping palm cross, affixed to the abdomen to navel as the center, clockwise, counterclockwise rubbing 36 times.

(5) Mount massage Fengchi (occipital protuberance down between recess and mastoid, between the upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle), CHD (palm center), Hoku (hand on the back of the first between the two metacarpal, near the midpoint of the first metacarpal 2), Neiguan (forearm, wrist 2 inches) each 36 times.

In addition, there are some simple massage, blood pressure is better, the patient can choose according to their specific situation.

2. The sub-surface wiping bath rub your hands, wipe from the forehead to the temporal mandibular premenstrual along the ear, repeated 20 to 30 times.

3. Massage the nail in the nail root root the thumb of the hand to the other hand thumb and index finger grip, turn the rub, and then, toward the edge of the nail from the root mean direction slowly rub down, not excessive force, suck when the gas to relax, breath pressure, as far as possible to get up early, midday, before bedtime 3 times, so that blood vessels dilate, blood pressure drop.

4. The method of massage Yongquan is located was sitting on the bed with both hands to push the thumb Yongquan foot from the root, after a partial thermal operation is terminated, 1 or 2 times a day.

5. bath waist on palms fingers close together, tight at the back of the spine on both sides, pressing down from the coccyx to the hip place, each 20 times.

6. Shun Qi hands flat on the chest, palms affixed to the chest, nose deep breath, then exhale with the mouth, ask your hands slowly down to the lower abdomen, repeated 10 times.

7. Pinch sharp rise in blood pressure palm, palm pinched as emergency relief measures. Start with the right start, press the right palm with your left thumb, and keep pressing upward from the palm to the fingertips, and then returns the palm, until each fingertips to press. Then press the still left palm.

The above is only for reference, if necessary, please consult a physician or a related medical institutions.

Recurrent aphthous oral mucosal disease

Recurrent aphthous oral mucosal disease is the highest incidence of a disease. Common cold, indigestion, nervousness, depressed can not incidental music, etc., occur in the lip, cheek, tongue geographically, in any part of the mucous membrane can occur, but keratosis completely attached gingiva, palate, then rare. Age, gender, onset age is estimated at between 10 to 20 years old, more women. Can occur throughout the year, there are self-limiting ulcer can heal in about 10 days. If mouth sores or frequent after another called recurrent aphthous ulcers. Its lesions were ulcerated lesions, ulcers with periodic, recurrent and self-limiting characteristics.
Oral ulcers in much the individual fitness, and therefore in order to completely avoid its occurrence is unlikely, but if you try to avoid predisposing factors, may still reduce the incidence.
Specific measures are:
1, pay attention to oral hygiene, to avoid damage to the oral mucosa, avoiding spicy foods and local irritation.
2, to feel comfortable, optimistic, cheerful, and anxious to avoid things.
3, to ensure adequate sleep, avoid fatigue.
4, attention to regularity of life and nutritional balance, to develop a certain bowel habits and prevent constipation
Can heal, to feed sugar can accelerate jaundice subsided without treatment. But a more serious case of jaundice, phototherapy, and should be further examination to prevent the inclusion jaundice.

How the treatment with irritable bowel syndrome?

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disease. Patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal contractions they are too violent or contraction is not strong enough, so too severe contraction of fast food delivery, the food is not strong peristaltic delivery is too slow. This disease usually seen in people over the age of 20, and more common in women. Irritable bowel syndrome has been called functional bowel syndrome, irritable colon, spastic colon and intestinal cramps. Disease and inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis different. What are the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome is? The main symptoms of bloating and flatulence l l l stool containing mucus l constipation, diarrhea, still did not feel particularly clean, l will discharge after acute abdominal pain after eating or l l stool morning, after a bowel movement often alleviate these symptoms as the pressure tends to increase, such as travel participate in social activities or to change the law when everyday life. If you do not eat enough healthy foods or eating too much time to be serious. Symptoms and specific foods related to some patients. Female patients sometimes find their symptoms become more frequent during the menstrual period. How the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, the doctor will first ask you some questions about symptoms. If the symptoms in a specific period of time consistent with a pattern, then the doctor will consider your symptoms are caused by irritable bowel syndrome caused. If your symptoms are emerging, the need to exclude some other cases. Your doctor will do some tests, such as colonoscopy or blood tests to determine your symptoms are not caused by irritable bowel syndrome is caused by circumstances beyond. How treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, the best way to treat irritable bowel syndrome is a healthy diet and avoid foods aggravate the symptoms and control the impact of good pressure. Why fiber may be effective irritable bowel syndrome? Because the fibers can improve the working of the intestine. There are two types of fiber: l soluble fiber can improve diarrhea and constipation. Soluble fiber can dissolve in water, the gel into the same thing. Many foods contain soluble fiber such as apples, beans and citrus fruits. Psyllium seed is a natural plant soluble fiber. You can buy psyllium seed additive on the market, you can also be added to drinking other foods. l Insoluble fiber can help improve constipation, digestive help transport, and increasing the volume of stool. Non-soluble fiber present in whole wheat bread, wheat bran and many vegetables. Increase dietary fiber slowly. Some people increase fiber too quickly, it will feel bloating and flatulence. Often accompanied by bloating and flatulence accommodate the increased fiber intake and ease. The best way is dietary fiber intake of a variety of fiber-rich foods. There are no special foods can cause irritable bowel syndrome does not. Food does not cause irritable bowel syndrome. But some foods can aggravate symptoms. Can cause symptoms aggravated mostly food rich in fat or caffeine. Fat and caffeine can cause intestinal contraction, leading to abdominal pain. Alcohol and chocolate can also aggravate symptoms. If your symptoms are flatulence, you should also avoid gas production of food. These foods are beans, cabbage and some fruits. How to find aggravate the symptoms of food? For several weeks to record their food and symptoms of change is a good idea. If you think that the kind of food you let the symptoms get worse, do not eat. But once alone do not determine to quit certain foods. Milk and dairy What is the problem? If milk and dairy products makes you uncomfortable, then you may have lactose intolerance. I have this disease means that your body can not digest lactose (milk sugar). If you are lactose intolerant, dairy products can aggravate the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. If this is the case, then you need to limit the content of dairy foods. If you think you have lactose intolerance need to further consult a doctor. Stress is how the impact of irritable bowel syndrome? Stress can induce the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. You can help physicians cope with stress methods, such as exercise, relaxation training or drugs. Some doctors recommend themselves or other professionals to recommend to you. The doctor may also suggest that you help counselors to discuss what bothers you. The doctor will prescribe irritable bowel syndrome medicine? Irritable bowel syndrome is no specific drug. However, if your symptoms are very severe, the doctor will prescribe some medications to relieve your symptoms. For example, antispasmodic drugs can help patients with abdominal cramps are the main symptoms of pain relief. Hyoscyamine and dicyclomine can reduce spasms of the colon. Heat also allows the patient comfortable. If diarrhea is a major problem, loperamide help. If you make your anxiety symptoms, the doctor will use some short-term sedatives. If your symptoms are severe and feel depressed, the doctor will give you some antidepressants. Irritable bowel syndrome do worse over time? will not. Although irritable bowel syndrome may accompany you for life, but it will not increase. It does not cause cancer, does not require surgery, and will not shorten the life span.

Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes while pregnant during the diet, but also to guarantee for themselves and their baby enough calories and nutrients, can be an appropriate increase in body weight, to achieve the desired blood glucose levels, prevention of gestational hypertension and reduce premature birth, abortion and childbirth happened. Nutritional needs of pregnant women with gestational diabetes blood sugar normal mothers the same, but must pay more attention to caloric intake, nutrients distribution ratio and the number of meals. Distribution ratio is currently widely used as nutritious calories carbohydrates accounted for 50% to 60%, protein 15% to 20%, fat 25% to 30%. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes should be small meals, 5-6 meals a day, breakfast 10% of total calories to 15%, lunch and dinner each accounted for 30% of snacks (morning, afternoon, evening) each accounted for 5% to 10% . Dining purpose is to maintain stable blood sugar.

If you notice these diet methods and techniques and to actively implement, it will reduce the adverse effects of diabetes to bring you and your baby during pregnancy, you also have more opportunities, like all mothers with normal blood sugar as smoothly gave birth to healthy and lovely baby.

The key factors affecting the food glycemic index in addition to the type of food, and cooking methods. Food, soft and hard, raw and cooked, dilute thick, particle size has an impact on the glycemic index food. Seiko secret agents, simmer, heavy sour oil, will cause the blood sugar level rises, so generally potatoes, vegetables do not cut too small or mashed. Fire quickly steamed, cooked, eat, low glycemic index; if you wait boiled eat, it is easy to increase blood sugar, because it absorbed quickly.

Food mix is ​​also essential, the following methods can help you better control of blood sugar:

1, with meat: for example, instead of eating steamed bun, eat dumplings instead of noodles, meat dishes and vegetarian protein dietary fiber can slow the absorption of both nutrients, blood sugar rises slower;

2, add a little bite of vinegar: Vinegar can reduce the glycemic index, add a little lemon juice when eating have the same effect.

3, soup vegetarian soup to main eat pork bone soup.

4, avoid animal fats oils (butter, lard, butter, etc.).

5, not a partial eclipse, diverse types of food.

6, if the high starch-containing foods such as roots potatoes, sweet potatoes, taro, lotus root, and so do vegetables, the staple food should be subtracted from the corresponding amount of staple food throughout the day