Clinical commonly used blood pressure drug

Clinical commonly used antihypertensive drugs : clinical commonly used anti-hypertensive drugs are six main categories : diuretics, Europium-receptor blockers, Calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta-blockers, and angiotensin? II receptor antagonist. Antihypertensive drug efficacy and adverse reactions of the great differences among individuals, clinical application to full attention. Specific choice of which one or several drugs in the light of the foregoing principle of drug use full consideration. 1) Diuretics such drugs can be reduced extracellular fluid volume, lower cardiac output, and through natriuretic role in lowering blood pressure. Hypotensive effect is weak, slow play, but with other antihypertensive drugs often combined with additive or synergistic effect, used in the treatment of hypertension. Mainly used for mild to moderate hypertension. These drugs can affect blood electrolyte metabolism, medication attention to the process of monitoring. In addition Thiazide drugs may also interfere with sugar, fat, and uric acid metabolism, it should be careful in diabetes and lipid metabolism disorders. banned from gout patients. Bao potassium diuretics may rise because of hyperkalemia, and should try to avoid ACE inhibitor combination banned from renal failure. 2) а-receptor blockers can block postsynaptic а-receptor, confrontation norepinephrine vasoconstriction. Hypotensive effect better, but prone to cause orthostatic hypotension, clinical application in recent years has been declining. Because these drugs on blood glucose and lipid metabolism in the process had no effect, when correlated with the clinical situation, is a better choice. 3) beta-receptor blockers slow down the heart rate by reducing myocardial contractility and cardiac output decrease, reduced plasma renin activity and other mechanisms play a role in blood pressure. The hypotensive effect is weak, a longer onset time (1-2 weeks), mainly used for mild to moderate hypertension. In particular resting heart rate faster ( "80 times / min), the young and middle-aged patients with angina pectoris or myocardial infarction patients. Heart block, severe bradycardia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and peripheral vascular disease patients banned. Insulin-dependent diabetes and patients on anti-hyperlipidemia. With heart failure at the French see another chapter. 4), primarily through calcium antagonist serous cell block calcium ion channel, Relaxation of peripheral arterial vascular smooth muscle so that the peripheral vascular resistance decreased blood pressure and play a role. Can be used for various levels of hypertension in elderly patients with unstable angina or especially when applicable. Due to conduction function and myocardial contractility have negative impact Non-dihydropyridine banned drugs in heart block and heart failure. Sudden death due to be induced because the available dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, the clinical use is diminishing, Application and promote long-term preparation. But because prices generally lower, economic conditions in backward rural and remote areas are still available agents can be regarded as a choice of anti-hypertensive drugs. Unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction be appropriate application of available dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. 5) angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor to enable ACE reduced the production of angiotensin II. and inhibit kininase so that degradation of bradykinin reduced blood pressure to play the role. Apply to all types of hypertension, especially for the following : hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure, after myocardial infarction, renal damage in diabetes, hypertension and peripheral vascular disease, etc.. In addition to antihypertensive effects, but also through a variety of mechanisms for the cardiovascular system play a useful role, is an outstanding class of cardiovascular drugs. But can cause coughing and irritation to some extent limit its application. Pregnancy and renal artery stenosis, renal failure (serum creatinine "265μmol / L or 3mg/dL) were banned. 6) angiotensin II receptor blockers through direct angiotensin II receptor blocker antihypertensive role to play. Clinical role of the same with ACE inhibitors, but not cause adverse reactions such as coughing. The clinical application of ACE inhibitors in patients not tolerance.