Skeletal fluorosis

Fluoride is the body of important trace element, fluoride and human life and teeth, skeletal metabolism closely related. Domestic and foreign scholars reported long-term intake of excessive fluoride can cause fluorosis. Because the affects of a stronger regional and fluoride content in drinking water are closely related, so named for its endemic fluorosis, once patients nervous system damage and bone disease, called skeletal fluorosis. In China, the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in a wide geographical distribution, whether urban or rural, mountains or plains, coastal areas or in the Mainland, prevalence of skeletal fluorosis have reported. Meanwhile, the rapid industrialization with the development of social, and environmental pollution have become popular of skeletal fluorosis one of the causes. Therefore, the prevalence of and should be highly valued. [Diagnosis] 1. People living in high-fluorine water and drinking local prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in more than two years, or are suffering from dental fluorosis. 2. Clinical manifestations of skeletal fluorosis with typical symptoms and signs are. 3. Radiographic examination revealed a bone-specific changes were. 4. A diagnosis of the laboratory tests positive. 5. Bone biopsy with those of skeletal fluorosis. Clinical manifestations?? ?? Dental fluorosis Under normal circumstances, the human body needs a certain content of fluoride, a good pair of caries preventive role. The excessive fluoride on the development of ameloblastoma mother cells directly harmed, impeded enamel development, the impact of normal dental calcification process to make it unique arrow to the shiny enamel, the tooth surface rough change, a chalk-like white spots Lu, speckle and plaque, if pigmentation is yellow, brown or yellow splash, plaques, called dental fluorosis. Dental fluorosis texture 70,000, a bird-like beak lacunae, there are varying degrees of dental defects, rugged, easy to wear and break off, and early. Generally, the incidence of dental fluorosis rate and dental fluorosis and the severity of the high fluoride concentration in drinking water was proportional, the higher the concentration of fluoride, the more serious damage. In addition, deciduous rare dental fluorosis, and the extent not heavy, which may fetal and placental barrier protection from the high fluoride damage. During development of permanent teeth in the high-fluorine water to drink if sustained over two years may arise when dental fluorosis, but once permanent teeth grow, the teeth will not have great change. Bone tissue damage Skeletal fluorosis on bone tissue damage mainly for low back pain, bone and joint pain and stiffness, bone deformation and spinal nerve root compression by the first series of clinical symptoms and signs. Flu patients can limbs, spine and joint pain, sustained continuity of mitigation activities, increased pain when stationary. Flu morning stiffness, not immediately activities. Not generally associated with red, swollen, hot and inflammatory changes and migratory joint pain. More pain for pain, pain and severe, there will be the shock-like pain or tingling, attack patients refused to touch others, did not even dare to stand up, coughing. The longer course, there will be the spine, limbs, ankylosis, scoliosis or humpback, knee varus or valgus. Skeletal fluorosis patients also often associated with lower limb skeletal muscle damage in muscle atrophy, mainly because nerve to pressure generated by disuse atrophy and nutrition obstacles, and fluorosis will bring damage to the muscles, EMG abnormalities can be found. About 10% of the patients with bone tissue can pathological changes in the secondary in the nervous system disease, for the performance of the spinal cord and nerve root compression, a lower-limb numbness, tingling, feeling abnormal acromegaly and torso belted flu, but also a decline in muscle strength, muscle tension and enhance tendon reverse hyperthyroidism, severe or even two or paraplegia would incontinence. Often patients with severe osteoarthritis of the more serious damage, extensive spinal bone hyperplasia, fusion, foraminal narrowing, paraspinal ligaments, soft tissue calcification or a ossification, which obviously spinal stenosis. [Cuban side effects] pure Chinese medicine treatment of 789 cases of skeletal fluorosis, cured 774 cases, 15 cases improved.