Brucellosis

Brucellosis outlined (brucellosis) flip - also known as the Mediterranean fever, Malta fever, Waves of heat or undulant fever, is caused Brucella zoonosis Systemic diseases, clinical features of chronic fever, sweating, joint pain hepatosplenomegaly. 1814 Burnet first describe the "flip-Mediterranean fever", and made with the identification of malaria. 1860 Marston of the disease in a systematic description and regard the Mediterranean with typhoid fever difference between flip-open. 1886 Bruce in the British army doctor from the island of Malta died "Malta fever," the soldiers were isolated from spleen "Bururi Salmonella, "the first clear of the disease pathogens. Hughes in 1897 under the heat of the disease characteristics, the proposed "Heat Wave." Later, to commemorate Bruce, the scholars have suggested to the disease known as "brucellosis." 1897 Wright and his colleagues found that the serum of patients with Brucella cultures can occur aggregation, Wright called aggregation, thereby establishing a date still use the serological diagnostic method. Ancient Chinese medical books on the disease has described, but it was not until 1905 in Chongqing Boone of the disease officially reported. Etiology Brucella short of Gram-negative bacteria, and initial separation sustained ball, clubs and oval-like, It has been proposed "Brucella." Chuan cultured pathogen Then after short rod, no bacterial flagellum, not form spores, the virulent strains can be meager Clostridium. Brucellosis 1985 WHO experts will be members quarter genus Brucella species is divided into six 19-biological, that the sheep species (biological-1 ~ 3), bovine species (biological-1 ~ 7.9). Pig (a type of biological ~ 5) and type of sheep testicles species, sarin rat species, dog originated from China (one of the biological-type). China has isolated 15-biological, sheep species (1 ~ 3), bovine species (~ 7.9-1) Pig (1.3 type), sheep testicles, deputy dog originated from China and various kinds of a type. Clinically to sheep, cattle, pigs significance of the three largest species of pathogenic sheep strongest. The variety of biological pathogens and may have to adapt to different hosts and the occurrence of genetic variation. The growth of bacteria higher nutritional requirements, multi-laboratory study cattle, fresh sheep placenta 10% increase in the production of rabbit serum medium, the result is good. But even in good conditions under cultivation growth was still slow in adverse environment, such as health-pit under the influence of the fungus-prone variability. When the bacterial wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - bacterial damage from S to R-Type. When the cell wall peptidoglycan is injured, bacteria lose cell wall formation of the cell wall or incomplete L-type Brucella. This phenotypic variation formation of bacteria in vivo exist for a long time, Mr improved environmental conditions will be resumed after the original characteristics. The bacteria A, M and G antigen three elements for the common antigen G, the general types of bacteria in cattle A antigen mainly. A & M ratio of 20 : 1; Yang species bacteria mainly to M, M A ratio of 20:1; Pig bacteria A : M 2:1. Preparation Unit A, M antigen can be used to identify pathogens. Brucella the antigen and typhoid, paratyphoid and salmonella, cholera vibrio, Proteus OX19 the antigen have certain common elements. Pathogenicity of the fungus and bacteria of the type of metabolic process of enzyme systems, such as hyaluronidase, urease and catalase. succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome aa3 relevant. Bacterial death or cracking after the release of endotoxin is an important pathogenic material. Brucella live in a natural environment is quite strong, and the animals in the secretions, excreta from livestock died and the organs survive about four months, in which some food to survive two months. 60 ° C or heating sunlight exposure 10 ~ 20 minutes to kill bacteria, commonly used chemical disinfectants more sensitive.