Heart failure clinical classification

(1) congestive heart failure by the speed of development can be divided into two kinds of acute and chronic, chronic majority. Acute left ventricular failure, to the more common, mainly as acute pulmonary edema.
(B) In accordance with heart failure can be divided into the site of the left ventricular, right ventricular failure and dedicated. Left ventricular failure is characterized by pulmonary congestion; right ventricular failure to systemic congestion as the main performance.
(C) systolic or diastolic heart failure due to systolic dysfunction and systolic emptying weakened capacity for systolic heart failure caused by heart failure. Clinical characteristics of the cardiac enlargement, increased end-systolic volume and ejection fraction lower. The vast majority of heart failure contractile dysfunction. Congestive heart failure abnormal diastolic function of the importance of the growing attention in recent years. It can be systolic dysfunction at the same time, may also exist in a vacuum. Diastolic heart failure is due to ventricular diastolic relaxation impaired ability to take the initiative and ventricular compliance decreased resulting in ventricular diastolic filling damage, ventricular pressure - capacity curve shift to the upper left, thus lowering the volume of stroke, left ventricular end-diastolic hypertension and congestive heart failure occurred, and representatives of the ejection fraction of normal systolic function. Diastolic heart failure mechanism are: ① impaired left ventricular relaxation. In particular, such as myocardial ischemia, myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2 + uptake reduced capacity, myocardial intracellular free Ca2 + levels decreased slowly, impaired relaxation of the initiative; ② myocardial hypertrophy and increased myocardial stiffness (with myocardial fibrosis) , diastolic myocardial reduced capacity expansion (lower compliance). Simply diastolic heart failure is common in significant cardiac hypertrophy, heart cavity and normal size by fast heart rate, such as hypertension heart disease concentric hypertrophy period aortic stenosis; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and ischemic cardiomyopathy, etc..
(D) the symptoms are inevitably divided into asymptomatic (asymptomatic) heart failure and congestive heart failure. Asymptomatic left ventricular heart failure is already dysfunction to normal following ejection fraction (<50%)>